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1、江苏省无锡新领航教育咨询有限公司八年级英语上册 知识点总结2 牛津版【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语1. on time2. out of3. all by oneself4. lots of5. no longer6. get back7. sooner or later8. run away9. eat up10. take care of11. turn off 12. turn on13. after a while 14. make faces 15. teach oneself 16. fall off17. play the piano18. knock at19. to ones
2、surprise 20. look up21. enjoy oneself 22. help yourself23. tell a story / stories24. leave.behind 25. come along 26. hold a sports meeting 27. be neck and neck28. as . as29. not so / as . as30. do ones best31. take part in32. a moment late33. Bad luck!34. fall behind35. high jump36. long jump37. rel
3、ay race38. well done!39. take off40. as usual41. a pair of42. at once43. hurry off44. come to oneself45. after a while46. knock on47. take care of48. at the moment49. set off来源:学科网ZXXK50. here and there51. on watch52. look out53. take ones placeII. 重要句型1. Wed better not do sth.2. leave one. oneself3
4、. find ones way to a place4. stand on ones head5. make sb. Happy6. catch up with sb.7. pass on sth. to somebody8. spend time doing sth.9. go on doing sth.10. get on well with sb.11. be angry with sb.12. be fed up with sth.13. notuntil14. make room for sb.III. 交际用语1. Were all by ourselves.2. I fell a
5、 little afraid.3. Dont be afraid.4. Help!5. Cant you hear anything?6. I cant hear anything / anybody there.7. Maybe its a tiger.8. Lets get it back before they eat the food.9. Did she learn all by herself?10. Could she swim when she was years old?11. She didnt hurt herself.12. He couldnt buy himself
6、 many nice things.13. Did he enjoy himself?14. Help yourselves.15. Bad luck!16. Come on!17. Well done! Congratulations (to)!18. It must be very interesting.19. I dont think youll like it.20. It seems to be an interesting book.21. Im sure (that) Im not sure if Im not sure what to22. I hope so.23. Wha
7、t was he/she drawing when?24. Im sorry to trouble you.25. Would you please?26. What were you doing at ten oclock yesterday morning?27. You look tired today.28. Youd better go to bed early tonight, if you can.29. How kind!30. Lets move the bag, or it may cause an accident.31. Its really nice of you.3
8、2. Dont mention it.33. Dont crowd around him.IV. 重要语法1. 不定代词/副词的运用； 2. 反身代词的用法；3. 并列句；4. 形容词和副词的比较等级；5. 冠词的用法；6. 动词的过去进行时；【名师讲解】1. bring/takeBring表示“带来、拿来”，指从别处朝说话人所在或将在的地方“带来、拿来”。而take则表示“拿去、带走”，它表示的方向与bring相反，指从说话人所在地“拿走、带走”。如：Bring me the book, please. 把那本书给我拿来。Take some food to the old man. 给那位老
9、人带去些食物。2. somebody/ anybody/nobody 一般说来，somebody用于定句，anybody用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句。例如： Somebody came to see you when you were out. 你出来时有人来见你。 Does anybody live on this island? 有人在这岛上住吗？ I didnt see anybody there. 我在那儿谁也没看见。 Dont let anybody in. Im too busy to see anybody. 别让任何人进来。我太忙，谁也不想见。 There is nobod
10、y in the room. 房间里没人。 Nobody told me that you were ill, so I didnt know about it . 谁也没告诉我你病了。所以我不知道。 3. listen, listen to, hear这三个词意思都是“听”，但是它们的用法不完全相同。它们的区别在于：(1)listen 只用于不及物动词，后面接人或人物做宾语，着重于“倾听”，指的是有意识的动作，至于是否听到，并非强调的重点。如：Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom. 听！有人在教室唱歌。(2)listen to 为listen
11、的及物形式，后面一定要接人或物做宾语，这里的to是介词。如：Do you like listening to light music?你喜欢听轻音乐吗？(3)hear 可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，意思是“听到、听见”，指用耳朵听到了某个声音，表示无意识的动作，着重于听的能力和结果。如：We hear with our ears.我们用耳朵听。She listens but hears nothing.她听了听，但是什么也没有听见。4. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little(1)many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词；都表示许多。例如：
12、He has many books.他有许多书。 He drank much milk.他喝了许多牛奶。(2)a few和a little都表示有一点儿，侧重于肯定，相当于some，但a few修饰可数名词，a little修饰不可数名词，例如：He has a few friends in London.他在伦敦有一些朋友。Would you like some coffee? Yes, just a little.喝点咖啡好吗？好的，只要一点。(3)few和little表示几乎没有，侧重否定。few后接可数名词，little后接不可数名词。例如：He is a strange man. H
13、e has few words.他是个怪人，他几乎不说什么话。Hurry up, there is little time left.赶快，没什么时间了。 5. either/ neither/ both either可作形容词，一般指两者中的任何一个。有时也可表示两个都的意思，后跟名词的单数形式；neither: 指两者中没有一个，全否定；both: 指两者都，肯定。句中可作主语、宾语和定语，both后面应跟名词的复数形式。如： Neither of the films is good.两部电影都不好。（没有一部是好的） Either of the films is good. 两部电影都不
14、错。（谓语动词用单数） Both the teachers often answer the questions.这两个老师都常常解答问题。6. take part in/jointake part in参加某种活动; join参加，加入某一政党或组织。例如：Can you take part in my party.你能来参加我的派对吗？We often take part in many school activities.我们经常参加学校里的一些活动。He joined the party in 1963. 他1963年入的党。My little brother joined the a
15、rmy last year. 我小弟去年参的军。7. quite/ rather/ very(1)quite 表示程度“很，十分，完全地”，“相当”。如：She is quite right.她对极了。Thats not quite what I want . 那并不完全是我所要的。(2)rather 表示程度上的“相当”，比预想地程度要大，通常用在不喜欢的情况下。如：Its rather cold today.今天的天气相当冷。(3)very表示程度“很，甚，极其，非常”，用于修饰形容词或副词，既可用在喜欢的情况下，也可用于不喜欢的情况下。应注意“a very +形容词+可数名词的单数”结构
16、中，a应置于very之前，该结构相当“quite a/an +形容词+名词”的结构。如：Two months is quite a long time. / a very long time. 两个月是一段很长的时间。Its a very nice day / quite a nice day. 今天天气很好。【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1. 不定代词/副词的运用； 2. 反身代词的用法；3. 并列句；4. 形容词和副词的比较等级；5. 冠词的用法；6. 动词的过去进行时；7. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；8. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空
17、和完成句子。【中考范例】1. (2011年江西省中考试题) -I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer. -Oh, I am sorry I _ dinner at my friends home. A. have B. had C. was having D. have had【解析】答案：C。该提考查的是动词的时态。表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作应用过去进行时。2. (2010年北京市中考试题) -Which is _, the sun, the moon or the earth? -Of course the moo
18、n is. A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest【解析】答案：D。该提考查的是形容词的比较等级。三者进行比较，其中最小的应用最高级，而形容词最高级之前必须加顶冠词the。3. (2010年河北省中考试题) Bob never does his homework _ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes. A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as【解析】答案：B。该提考查的是形容词和副词的用法区别。空白处所缺的词是修饰
19、动词短语does his homework的，应该用副词。另外，表示“某人做事不如某人细心”应用“not as carefully as”这样的结构。 4. (2011年吉林省中考试题) -I like riding fast. Its very exciting. -Oh! You mustnt do it like that, _ it may have an accident. A. and B. or C. so D. but 【解析】答案：B。该提考查的是连接并列句的并列连词的选择。And通常连接两个意思一致的并列句，so连接两个有因果关系的并列句，but连接两个有转折关系的并列句，
20、or相当于if not意思是“否则”。【满分演练】一. 单项选择1. Who jumps _ in your class?A. far B. farther C. farthest D. longer2. -I made the cake by _. Help _, Tom. -Thanks, Jane.A. ourselves; yourself B. myself; yourselfC. myself; yourselves D. ourselves; yourselves3. There _ a football game on TV this afternoon.A. is going
21、 to have B. will beC. is going to play D. will play4. Wu Dong was _ tired that he couldnt keep his eyes_.A. too, open B. so, closed C. too, closed D. so, open来源:学。科。网5. Can you hear _?A. something B. anything C. nothing D. somebody6. The students stop _ when the teacher came in.A. to talk B. talking
22、 C. talked D. talk7. I told him _ story.A. the whole B. the all C. whole the D. all8. Please _ early tomorrow, mum.A. wake up me B. wakes me upC. wake me up D. will wake me up9. He will go to the Great Wall if it _ tomorrow.A. wont rain B. doesnt rain C. dont rain D. isnt raining10. Can you tell us
23、_?A. where have you gone B. where you have goneC. where have you been D. where you have been11. Li Lei, sit down, please. Ill _ you some tea.A. take B. to bring C. get D. give12. Dont forget to _ your dictionary here tomorrow.A. take B. bring C. carry D. borrow13. He couldnt wash _ when he was five
24、years old.A. his B. him C. himself D. herself14. Why did you leave your daughter at home all by _.A. yourself B. himself C. herself D. myself15. I bought my son a bike, _ he like it a lot.A. and B. but C. or D. at16. _ , Li Lei was far behind the others at first.A. At the 800-metre race B. In the 80
25、0-metres raceC. In the 800-metre rece D. At the 800-metres race17. My parents are teachers. They _ teach English.A. Both B. all C. both D. are18. Kate is an _ girl.A. eight-year-old B. eight-years-oldC. six-year-old D. six-years-old19. Who jumped _ of all in the long jump?A. longest B. longer C. far
26、ther D. farthest20. The runner fell, but he quickly got up and _.A. went on running B. went on to runC. went on run D. went on ran二. 完型填空 Mr Smith left his car 1 his house one night, but when he came down the nest_2 to go to his office, he found the car 3 there. He called the police and told them th
27、e 4 . And they said they must 5 him to find the car. 6 Mr Smith came home from his office that evening, the car was back again in its usual (通常的) place 7 his house, He examined (检察) it carefully to see if (是否) it was damaged (损坏), and found 8 theatre (剧院) tickets on one of the seats (座位) and a lette
28、r, It said, “We feel very 9 . We took your car because we had an mergency (急诊).” Mr and Mrs Smith went to the theatre with the two tickets the next night and 10 themselves very much. When they got home, they found thieves (贼) took away everything in their house.1. A inside B. outside C. from D. unde
29、r2. A. evening B. morning C. afternoon D. night3. A. wasnt B. was C. left D. went4. A. wrong B. matter C. thing D. idea5. A. made B. let C. help D. ask6. A. If B. Because C. When D. Before7. A. in the front of B. in front of C. on the front of D. on front of8. A. many B. no C. two D. one9. A. sorry
30、B. afraid C. happy D. sad10. A. helped B. taught C. hurt D. enjoyed三. 阅读理解 (A) Do you live in a city? Do you know how cities begin? Long ago, the world had only a few thousand people. These people moved from place to place. They moved over the land, hunting (打猎) animals for food. No one knows how or
31、 where these people learned about growing food. But when they did, their lives (生活) changed. They didnt have to look for food any more. They could stay in one place and grow it. People began to live near one another. And so the first villages grew. Many people came to work in the village. These vill
32、ages grew very big. When machines came along (出现), life in the villages changed again. Factories were built (建立). More and more people lived near the factories. The cities grew very big. Today, some people are moving back to small towns. Can you tell why?根据短文内容判断正误：正确的答“A”，错误的答“B”。1. Long ago, a few
33、 people could stay in one place, hunting animals for food.2. When these people learned to grow food, their lives changed.3. Factories were built after the cities grew big.4. Today, some people dont live to live in big cities.5. Everyone knows how and where cities began. (B)Almost everyone likes dogs
34、, and almost everyone likes to read stories about dogs. I have a friend. He has a large police dog named Jack. Police dogs are very clever. Every Sunday afternoon my friend takes Jack for a long walk in the park. Jack like these long walks very much.One Sunday afternoon a young man came to visit my
35、friend. He stayed a long time. He talked and talked. Soon it was time for my friend to take Jack for his walk. But the visitor still stayed. Jack became very worried. He walked around the room several times and then sat down in front of the visitor and looked at him. But the visitor paid not attenti
36、on. He went on talking. Finally Jack got angry. He went out of the room and came back a few minutes later. He sat down again in front of the visitor, but this time he took the visitors cap in his mouth.1. The young visitor stayed a long time, didnt he? _.A. Yes, he did B. Yes, he didnt C. No, He did
37、nt D. No, he did.2. Jack became very worried because _.A. he wanted to have something to eatB. he wanted to play with himC. he wanted to go out D. he didnt know the young man3. Jack sat down in front of the visitor because _.A. he wanted to join the talk B. he wanted the visitor to leaveC. he wanted
38、 the visitor to talk with himD. he wanted to show the visitor how clever he was4. The visitor went on talking and _.A. he didnt like JackB. he paid no attention to JackC. he paid no attention to his capD. he didnt care that his cap was his cap was taken away by Jack来源:学_科_网5. Jack went out of the ro
39、om with nothing, but came back with _ in his mouth.A. something B. nothing C. the visitors cap D. the visitors shoe (C)Mr White and his wife wanted to paint(油漆) the outside of their house. To save(节省) money they wanted to do it themselves. On Saturday morning they bought some paint and two brushes(刷
40、子). They began that afternoon with the back ol the house. The next Saturday Mr White went to a football match(比赛) but his wife painted the front of the house. On Sunday they found they couldnt open any of the front windows. They got them all open in the end. But they broke three of the seven. They w
41、ere very dear to mend. Next time when they want to save money theyll certainly ask somebody to do the work.l. Mr White wanted to paint _ .A. the front of the house B. the back of the houseC. the front windows D. the outside of the house2. They wanted to do the work themselves because_ .A. the window
42、s were very easy to break B. the windows were very hard to openC. nobody could do this work wellD. they didnt want to give more money3. The work lasted for about _.A. two days B. less than a weekC. three days D. more than a week4. They have to ask somebody to mend the _ windows.A. three B. four C .
43、five D. seven5. Next time they will ask somebody to work for them becauseA. they want to go to football matchesB. it is no longer an interesting thing for themC. they have no more paint and brushesD. they really want to save some money四. 据句意，用方框中所给词或短语填空 A. catch up with F. a moment laterB. fell beh
44、ind G. passing on to C. getting ready to H. At the same time D. dropped I. neck and neck E. On the first lap J. won 1._ the boys and the girls passed the ball to each other. 2.The teacher shouted to the runners_, “Come on! Come on!” 3.The Class 4 runner fell and _the others. 4.The monkey is _the hat _the other small monkeys. 5.What are they doing ? Theyre _do some cleaning. 6.The runner from Class 2 _hi