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1、2018 年小升初英语知识点总结归纳 第一篇、基础知识 1.字母： 26 个字母的大小写 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 2.语音：元音的发音 五个元音字母：AEIOU 12 个单元音：长元音：/ :/，/ ?:/，/ ?:/ ， /i:/ ，/u:/ 短元音：/?/ /e/ /i/ / ? / / / /u/ / ?/ 3.词汇：词汇量，近反义词 4.句子：大小写，标点符号 一、第二部分：语法知识 一.名词：名词单复数，名词的格 （一）名词单复数 1一般情况，直接加-s ，如： book-books, bag-bag
2、s, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾，加-es ，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以“辅音字母+y ”结尾，变y 为 i, 再加 -es ，如： family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以“f 或 fe ”结尾，变f 或 fe 为 v, 再加 -es ，如： knife-knives 5不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewome
3、n, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 不 可 数 名 词 的 复 数 就 是 原 型 ：paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea （二）名词的格 (1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格： a)单数后加s 如: Lucys ruler my fathers shirt b)以 s 结尾的复数名词后加如 : his friends bags c)不以 s 结尾的复数后加s child
4、rens shoes 并列名词中， 如果把s加在最后一个名词后，表示共 有, 如: Tom and Mike s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加s Tom s and Mike s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽 车 (2) 表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of 名词”来表示 所有关系：如 : a picture of the classroom a map of China 二.冠词：不定冠词，定冠词种类： （1）不定冠词： a / an a unit / an uncle 元音开头的可数名词前用an : an egg / an apple / a
5、n orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson / （2）定冠词： the the egg the plane 2. 用法 : 定冠词的用法： （1） 特指某（些
6、）人或某（些）物： The ruler is on the desk. （2）复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new. （3）谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys aren t at school. （4）在序数词前：John s birthday is February the second. （5）用于固定词组中：in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的情况： （1）专有名词前：China is a big country. （2） 名词前有定语： this , that , my ,
7、your , some, any , no 等： This is my baseball. （3）复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys can t swim. They are teachers. （4） 在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. It s Sunday. （5）一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30. （6）球类棋类运动前： They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very
8、well. （7）学科名称前：My favorite subject is music. （8）在称呼或头衔的名词前：This is Mr Li. （9）固定词组中：at noon at night by bus 三、代词：人称代词，物主代词 人称代词 物主代词 主格宾格 第一 人称 单数I（我）me my （我的） 复数we （我们）us our （我们的） 第二 人称 单数you （你）you your （你的） 复数you （你们）you your （你们的） 第三 人称 单数 he（他）him his （他的） she （她）her her （她的） it（它）it its （它的）
9、复数 they （他们 / 她们 / 它们） them their （他们的 / 她们 的/它们的） 四、形容词，副词：比较级，最高级 （一） 、形容词的比较级 1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用 比较级， 比较级后面一般带有单词than 。比较级前面可以用 more, a little来修饰表示程度。than 后的人称代词用主格 （口语中可用宾格） 。 2形容词加er 的规则： 一般在词尾加er ； 以字母 e 结尾，加 r ； 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅 音字母，再加er ； 以“辅音字母+y ”结尾，先把y 变 i，再加 er 。 3不规则形容词比
10、较级： good-better, beautiful-more beautiful （二）副词的比较级 1形容词与副词的区别(有 be 用形，有形用be ；有动用 副，有副用动 ) 在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be 动词之后 副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后 2 副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则 变化： well-better, far-farther) 五 数词：基数词，序数词一、基数词 （1）1-20 one ，two ，three ，four ，five ，six，seven ，eight ， nine ，ten ，eleven ，twelve ，thirte
11、en，fourteen，fifteen ， sixteen ，seventeen，eighteen，nineteen，twenty （2）21-99 先说“几十”，再说“几”，中间加连字符。 23 twenty -three ， 34 thirty -four ， 45 fortyfive ， 56 fifty-six ， 67 sixty -seven ， 78 seventy-eight ， 89 eighty -nine ， 91 ninety-one （3）101 999 先说“几百”，再加and ，再加末两位数 或末位数； 586 five hundred and eighty-si
12、x ， 803 eight hundred and three （4）l，000 以上，先从右往左数，每三位数加一个“，”， 第一个“，”前为thousand.第二个“，”前为million， 第三个“，”前为billion 1， 001 one thousand and one 18 ， 423 eighteen thousand，four hundred and twenty-three 6，260 ， 309 six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine 750 ，000 ，000 ， 000 seve
13、n hundred and fifty billion 二、序数词 （1）一般在基数词后加th eg.four fourth， thirteen thirteenth （2）不规则变化 one first， two second， three third， five fifth， eight eighth， nine ninth，twelve twelfth （3）以 y 结尾的十位整数，变y 为 ie 再加 th twenty twentieth，forty fortieth， ninety ninetieth （4）从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几 千几百几十几”只将个位的基
14、数词变为序数词。 twenty-first，two hundred and forty-fifth 基数词转为序数词的口诀： 基变序，有规律，词尾加上-th. 一，二，三，特殊记，词尾字母t,d,d. 八去 t,九去 e, ve 要用 f 替。 ty 将 y 变成 i，th 前面有个 e. 若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序。 六、介词：常用介词：in, on, at, behind等 1.at 表示时间概念的某一个点。 （在某时刻 、时间、阶段等）。 ：00（dawn ，midnight，noon ）在一点钟 （黎明、 午夜、中午） 2on 1）表示具体日期。 注：（ 1）关于 “在周末 “的几
15、种表示法： （on ）在周末 - 特指 （on ）在周末 - 泛指 在整个周末 在周末期间 （ 2 ） 在 圣 诞 节 ， 应 说 at C而 不 说on Chri 2）在（刚）的时候。 On reaching the city he called up his parents 一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。 3in 1）表示 “时段 “、“时期 “，在多数情况下可以和during互换， 前 者 强 调 对 比 ， 后 者 强 调 持 续 。in （ during） 1988 （December ，the 20th century）在一九八八年 （十二月、 二十世纪） 七、动词：动词的四种时
16、态： （1）一般现在时： 一般现在时的构成 1. be 动词：主语 +be(am, is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。 2. 行为动词：主语 + 行为动词 (+ 其它 )。如：We study English. 我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在动词后加 “-s“ 或“-es“ 。如： Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 动词 +s 的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如： cook-cooks, milk-milks 2以 s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加 -es ，如： guess-guesses
17、, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“辅音字母+y ”结尾，变y 为 i, 再加 -es ，如： study-studies （2）一般过去时 : 动词过去式详解动词的过去式的构成规则有： 、规则动词 一般直接在动词的后面加ed ：如worked , learned , cleaned , visited 以 e 结尾的动词直接加d：如lived , danced , used 以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词要改y 为 i 再加 ed（此类 动词较少）如study studied carry carried worry worried （注意 play
18、、stay 不是辅音字母加y,所以不 属于此类） 双写最后一个字母（此类动词较少）如stopped 、不规则动词（此类词并无规则，须熟记）小学阶段要记 住以下动词的原形和过去式：sing sang , eat ate , see saw , have had , do did , go went , take took , buy bought , get got , read read ,fly flew , am/is was , are were , say said , leave left , swim swam , tell told , draw drew , come came
19、 , lose lost , find found , drink drank , hurt hurt , feel felt （3）一般将来时： 基本结构： be going to + do； will+ do. be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天） . = I will go swimming tomorrow. （4）现在进行时 : am,is,are+动词现在分词 动词现在分词详解动词的 ing 形式的构成规则： 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如 doing , going , working , sing
20、ing , eating 以 e 结尾的动词，要先去e 再加 ing ，如having , writing 双写最后一个字母的（此类动词极少）有：running , swimming , sitting , getting 二、第三部分：句法 1.陈述句 （1）肯定句： 是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子，如：I m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday ev
21、ening. （2） 、否定句：含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子，如： I m not a student. She is not (isn t) a doctor. He does not (doesn t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren t) four fans in our classroom. He will not (won t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn t) watch TV yesterday evening. 2. 疑问句 一般疑问句：是指询问事实的句子，此类句子必须用 “ yes
22、 ”，或“no ”来回答。 特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词（what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等）开头引导的句子。此类句子 应该问什么就答什么，不能用“yes 、 no ”来回答。 3.There be句型 There be 句型与 have, has的区别 1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人） 2、在 there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用 is ; 主语 是复数， be 动词用 are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最 * 近 be 动词的那个名词决定。 3、there be 句型的否定句在be
23、 动词后加 not , 一般疑问 句把 be 动词调到句首。 4、there be句型与 have(has) 的区别： there be 表示在 某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。 5、some 和 any 在 there be 句型中的运用：some 用于 肯定句，any 用于否定句或疑问句。 6、and 和 or 在 there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定 句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。 7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many + 名词复数+ are there + 介词短 语？ How much + 不可数名词+ is there
24、+ 介词短语？ 8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： What s + 介词短语？ 第三部分：情景交际 第四部分：阅读训练 第五部分：书面表达 常考题型： 一、听力 1.听句子中的单词，或者直接听单词 2.根据听到的内容选择相应的回答的句子 3.选出与听到的句子相同意思的句子 4.听短文，判断正误。 二、语音：选出与画线部分相同的读音 三、用所给词的正确形式填空 四、单项选择 五、把句子连成一段话 六、完形填空 七、根据图片内容，完成对话 八、阅读理解： 1.选出正确的答案。2，判断正误。 3，回答 问题。 九、改错 十、书面表达：作文 小学毕业班英语单词和句型总复习 三年级上册单词黑体
25、字 (73 个单词 ) pen pencil pencil-case book bag ruler eraser crayon sharpener school head face nose mouth eye ear arm hand finger leg foot body red yellow green blue purple white black orange pink brown cat dog monkey panda rabbit duck squirrel mouse elephant pig bird bear cake bread hot dog hamburger c
26、hicken French fries Coke juice milk water tea coffee one two three four five six seven eight nine ten doll ball boat kite balloon car plane 三年级下册单词黑体字（ 72 个单词、词组） boy girl teacher student this my friend nice good morning Good afternoon meet goodbye too I m=Iam father dad mother mom man wo man grandm
27、other grandma grandfather g randpa sister brother let s=let us really great and how eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty how many can look at peach pear orange watermelon apple banan a grape strawberry like some thanks bu s bike taxi jeep desk chair walk
28、man lamp your zoo small big long short tall giraffe deer 四年级上册单词黑体字（ 66 个单词、词组） window board light picture door floor classroom computer wall fan teac her s desk Chinese bookEnglish book math book schoolbag story-book notebook twenty-one thirty thirty-o ne forty forty-one fifty long hair short hair
29、thin strong quiet friend(s) music scienc e sports computer game painting study bathroom bedroom living kitchen phone bed sofa shelf fridge table ri ce fish noodles beef vegetable soup k nife chopsticks spoon plate fork family parents uncle aunt baby driver doctor farmer nurse baseball player 四会单词（ 3
30、6 个） bag pencil pen book ruler pencil-case teacher student boy girl friend home room school classroom window desk door chair bed rice beef bread milk egg water chicken fish sister brother father mother driver doctor farmer nurse 四年级下册单词黑体词（ 50 个单词、词组） playground garden teacher s desk canteen art roo
31、m computer room washroom music room gym TV room lunch English class music class breakfast dinner P.E. class get up go to school go home go to bed sweater jeans pants socks shoes shorts hot weather rainy windy cloudy colorful pretty cheap expensive sneakers slippers sandals boots sheep hen lamb goat
32、cow tomato cucumber potato onion carrot 四会单词（ 88 个） computer board fan light this is my that your teacher s desk picture wall floor yes it one two three four five six seven eight nine ten what time its o clock math Chinese English P.E. music for class jacket shirt skirt dress T-shirt red blue yellow
33、 green white no not colour warm cold cool today jeans pant socks shoes letsplay football snowy sunny how much big small long short apple banana pear orange watermelon are they horse arentcat rabbit pig duck dog eleven twelve thirteen fifteen twenty how many there 五年级上册单词黑体字（16 个单词、词组） principal univ
34、ersity student cabbage pork mutton empty the trash put away the clothes air-conditioner over in front of sky cloud mountain village city 四会单词、词组（93 个） young funny tall strong kind old short thin who s=who iswhat s=what is like he s=he isstrict smart active quiet she s=she is very but Monday Tuesday
35、Wednesd ay Thursday Friday day have on Saturday Sunday do homework watch TV read books What about? too eggplant fish green beans tofu potato tomato for lunch we tast y sweet sour fresh salty favorite they re=they are fruit don t=do not grape cook the meals water the flowers sweep the floor clean the
36、 bedroom make the bed set the table wash the clothes do the dishes can t=cannot use a computer curtain trash bin closet mirror end table bedroom kitchen bathroom living room in on under near behind clothes r iver flower grass lake forest path park picture house bridge tree road building clean 五年级下册单
37、词黑体字（ 18 个） January February March April May June July August September October November December first second third fourth fifth Eighth ninth twelfth twentieth 四会单词、词组（83 个） do morning exercises eat breakfast have English class play sports eat dinner when evening get up at usually noon climb mounta
38、ins go shopping play the piano visit grandparents go hiking weekend often sometimes spring summer fall winter season which best swim fly kites skate make a snowman plant trees why because sleep Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. birthday uncle her date draw pictures cook din
39、ner read a book answer the phone listen to music clean the room write a letter write an e-mail mom grandpa study fly jump walk run swim kangaroo sleep climb fight swing drink water take pictures watch insects pick up leaves do an experiment catch butterflies honey count insects collect leaves write
40、a report play chess have a picnic 六年级上册单词黑体字（ 16 个） plane ship subway science museum north south east west tonight tomorrow take a trip read a magazine go to the cinema magazine dictionary vapor 四会单词、词组（71 个） by foot bike bus train how go to school traffic traffic light traffic rule stop wait get to
41、 library post office hospital cinema bookstore where please nest to turn right left straight then next week this morning this afternoon this evening comic book post card newspaper buy hobby ride a bike dive play the violin make kites collect stamps live(s) teach(es) go(es) watch(es)read(s) do es doe
42、sn t=does not singer writer actor actress artist TV reporter engineer accountant policeman salesperson clean er where work rain cloud sun stream seed come from soil sprout plant should then 六年级下册单词四会单词（ 25 个） taller shorter stronger older younger bigger heavier longer thinner smaller have a fever hu
43、rt have a cold have a toothache have a headache have a sore throat matter sore nose tired excited angry happy bored sad 三年级上册句子 1. Hello! Hi! 2. Hello! I m Wu Yifan. I m from China. 3. What s your name? 4. My name s Chen Jie. 5. I have a pencil. Me too. 6. Good morning. Good afternoon. 7. This is Mi
44、ss White. Nice to meet you. 8. Where are you from? I m from America. 9. Let s go to school. OK. 10. . How many cakes? One cake 11. How are you? I m fine, thank you. 12. Let s paint. Great 13. I like green. Me too. 14. I have a rabbit. 15. Cool! Super! Great! Wow! 16. May I have a look? Sure. 17. Her
45、e you are. Thank you. You re welcome 18. I like hamburgers. Me too 19. Have some French fries. 20. Can I have some chicken? Sure. 21. How old are you? I m nine. 三年级下册句子 1. Where are you from? I m from America. 2. Good morning! Good afternoon! 3. Class, we have a new friend today. 4. Whos that woman?
46、 She s my mother。 5. Who s that man?He s my father. 6. Who s this boy? My brother. 7. I have a new kite. Oh, it s beautiful. 8. How many kites can you see? I can see 12. 9. The black one is a bird. Oh, how nice! 10. How many crayons do you have? I have 16 crayons. 11. Open it and see. That s right.
47、12. Do you like peaches? Yes, I do. /No, I don t. 13. What about pears? Oh, I like them very much. 14. Let s have some peaches and pears. 15. Have some fruits. Thank you, Miss White. 16. Sorry, I don t like bananas. 17. Can I have an apple, please? Certainly. 18. Have some more? No, thank you. 19. Where is my car? It s under the chair. 20. Excuse me. Can I use your pencil? No problem. 21. Here you are. Thank you! 22. Come on, children. Look at the elephant. 23. Wow! It s so big!It s so funny! 24.