1、专业文献翻译题 目： Talking about Chinas concrete simple bridgeconstruction technology anddevelopment 系： 建 筑 工 程 学 院 专业： 土 木 工 程 班级：学生姓名： 导师姓名： 完成日期： Talking about Chinas concrete simple bridge construction technology and developmentWith the advances in technology, the original concrete simple bridge has bee
2、n the method of classification does not reflect advances in technology, for the sake of it may wish to support in-situ into law, the entire hole and the erection of mobile die-law category. This paper on the concrete simple bridge of the construction method at the introduction and conclusion, the co
3、nstruction programme with a view to the formulation and implementation of the guiding role. 1 stent in-situ law Stent in-situ means that the law under the beam Erection stent to support the template of reinforced concrete pouring and other working load, the last bridge with the construction method.
4、Although the stent is a temporary structure construction, but it affects body mass and beam construction safety, must be taken seriously. General should note the following issues: (1) sufficient strength, rigidity and stability. Support must be reliably withstand the construction process may have in
5、 the various loads, and the load type and size of the estimate is the key, according to construction specifications and construction experience to be confirmed; stent to be based on reliable, based on the results of the stent, for the most Adverse conditions on the basis of design, and the foundatio
6、n to carry out the necessary treatment; temporary structure in the component connection is to ensure that the key to overall stability, we must ensure that the connection point of security, and have enough vertical, horizontal, ramps connecting rod Pieces and prevent the emergence of the overall fai
7、lure or partial failure. Generally speaking, the strength of support more easily be guaranteed, but with the stability often overlooked. The reason is that the structure of the stability of the more difficult to calculate, but with the emergence of large-scale commercial software, the problem was gr
8、adually resolved more important for the stent, when there is no absolute grasp on stability, simulation analysis should be conducted. (2) determine the elevation model legislation. Most bridges have a design in the pre-camber (Chang said the design of pre-arch), and will support a variety of loads i
9、n the role of deformation and therefore have to consider the impact that the stent deformation Oxfam The pre-camber. During the construction, must be calculated pre-construction and design of the arch-arch, to determine the correct elevation model legislation, thus guarantee a bridge to meet the des
10、ign and specifications of the line. To obtain a more precise construction Pre-camber, if necessary, to support pre-pressure testing, to determine the support of non-elastic deformation and elastic deformation values, to validate construction in the calculation of the various parameters. (3)-dumping
11、equipment. To set up the in-situ stent-disposal equipment, should be charged-symmetrical, uniform, the main beam to prevent a partial stress. The past with equipment commonly used for dumping sand wedge and extinguishers, and Jack now use standard equipment with dedicated equipment. Although the str
12、ucture did not support the number of changes, but the equipment used by the stent than the last great changes have taken place. Now commonly used standard equipment fight stent group, such as steel pipe bowl button up scaffolding, universal members, Bailey beam, June 4 military-beam, entry steel tru
13、ss girder, August 7-steel girder, 6 August 3 and 5 Tun Tun, and so on, all construction units according to their actual situation in which the use of one or more of the fight stent group. Using standard equipment group fight stent, the construction speed, high-intensity support, good stability, and
14、a A better economic performance. Construction of the bridge in the city, the bridge generally is not high, so use a large bowl button up pipe scaffolding, to use its adjustable entrusted with the elevation of adjustment and hold-off is very convenient in a Traffic flow, the use of beam support and m
15、ilitary pier with a certain clearance. Support cast-in-place method, the key is to fight stent group, should give full consideration to load and strengthen structural connections, a detailed analysis to ensure construction safety and quality. 2-erection of the entire law Whole-building method is use
16、d factory-prefabricated beam, beam will be transported to the bridge site and install in place of the way. Such methods in the erection of the main truck crane, gantry crane erected across the bridge, bridge-building species. When the water underneath and relatively flat, long-span beam can be used
17、for small truck crane, long-span beam or the beam of a heavier-span bridge can gantry crane. When the bridge traffic should not be interference, or bridge deep ditch in the water, and other conditions do not allow the scene when it needs a top-that is, a bridge-building. In what way, shape according
18、 to the site, equipment and beam-weight, comparison, the erection of a more economic way, the following major highway bridge and its turn to the domestic Bridge-assembled and can be divided into standard Two. Main bridge assembled using standard equipment, to be based on size and weight-beam bridge
19、machine assembled at the main beam (Introduction beam), corresponding to the configuration of lifting up and running installations, leading to erection of Liang. I. Liang used equipment for the Bailey-general, universal members, military beam, Bailey guided-span beam bridge as applicable in the foll
20、owing 30 m; universal members guided beam bridging a more flexible, larger scope of application of the span, but Rod bolts for the fight even larger group workload; military Liang Liang Bridge-guided groups fight one, and a single-layer or double-military fight Group I. Liang Liang, its application-
21、span Fan widely, from 16 m to 50 m are Can, lifting capacity can be guided through the beam by a few films more easily be guaranteed 7. Assembled Bridge-the sudden advantage of convenient transportation, the group fight simple, Jianzuo other structural weaknesses so that the degree of mechanization
22、is not standard bridge machine, but because of the single economic good works in our country to play a bridge-building Focus on use. In the standard bridge machine, in 1992 developed a JQG80 highway bridge machine, then have produced a series of bridging DF-EBG series of bridges, erected to beam-ton
23、nage 400 1600 k span for the erection of 20 50 m, both From the structural form of-way or have different levels of innovation. The current standard of the bridge structure form the main difference is that bridging the vertical plane on the way major shiftwalker and vertical shiftthe cantilever rail
24、line-shift kind of vertical.largest cantilever rail line-vertical shift means a low center of gravity, light weight, can build a smaller radius of the curve bridges merits, its shortcomings are cantilevered vertical axle load larger shift in the course of the bare-beam may have been caused Harm, to
25、be used to load distribution methods such as the protection of bare beams. And step-vertical shift the way for construction of bridge load-only role in a bare-beam bridge and the first stage, without the above problem; its shortcomings is the weight of the structure The high cost of erecting a radiu
26、s of the bridge is also larger, the focus of some of the current relatively high standard of bridge in the more advanced single DJ is guided beam bridge machine 8, can be used to build span of not more than 50 m of simple Beam can be erected straight bridge, Xieqiao, curved bridge, portability edge
27、beamteloping first place, to achieve full-face-beam-shift mechanization. The aircraft in 2002 through the identification of new products, our roads and bridges in the history of the development of an initiative. The aircraft used for single arm fasting box girder master of the components with two li
28、ght themselves; telescopic arm used for safe and reliable guide through-hole used to rack gear transmission with two self-locking of the good use of hydraulic motor-driven roller, Brake reliable control system uses Hitachi PLC control, interlocking of good will from top to bottom-arm movements, befo
29、re and after stretching, about Baitou, in situ U-turn, set up Xieqiao, curve bridge is more convenient. Currently Chinas largest highway bridge from the weight of the aircraft with foreign joint development of the 16 000 kN bridge machine, to build roads and bridges section struts. Railway bridge ma
30、chine, since the introduction of Qinhuangdao-Shenyang passenger line 550 t-guided beam being lifted onto one machine, the country has developed a 4 500kN, 5500 6 000 kN bridge machine, recently developed a 7 500 9 000 kN Bridge machine. Is now more advanced Yun-one machine, also developed internally
31、 and for road and rail bridge construction. 3-mode mobile law Die-the first mobile application Telabake the former Federal Republic of Germany has developed and used for construction of highway bridges and later Japan, France, Germany and Italy for the construction of the railway bridge. China firs
32、t applied to road bridge Xiamen, Fujian beam construction is the high-Strait Bridge (continuous bridge), the first time since 1993 has been successfully applied to the railway bridge, the railway has built a number of simple beam bridge, one-lane bridge span is 32 m, 48 m, 56 m and 64 m, two-lane br
33、idge is 32 m and 40 m, beam-all for prestressed concrete box-simple beam, the beam of the weight range of 4 50 11 000 kN. Construction on the bridge-building machines simply supported bridge, may generally be divided into two categories-that is, the entire cast-in-place and precast segments assemble
34、d. The current domestic railway has been completed simple beam using precast segments assembled most of the way, the method is simple equipment, quality assurance easy, fast-beam characteristics such as whole-in-situ is second to none. Generally believed that the construction of bridge-building simp
35、le beam in the span of 64 m below, and to better assembly of precast segments. Bridge-building machines in accordance with domestic simple beam of position can be divided into three categories, namely in support of intra-abdominal beam (abdominal), beam, located on the stent (in the upper body and t
36、he beam under the stent (place). Belly-making Most of the bridge-standard equipment to fight, or transformation from Leung at the site of the precast segments, and then transported by truck beam bridge-building machines shipped to the rear, by lifting Crane (or forklifts will be lifting from the bea
37、m section to support intra-abdominal; Liang, between the joints even with wet Tension entire hole. Such bridge-building machines to a wider scope, could be applied to the beam width and height, width of the piers could be set up next to brackets or the pier. Upper bridge-building machines such as MZ
38、32-mode mobile bridge-building machines and the company moved NRS MSS, such machines from the main beam with the template system, composed of pier bracket, the template system and the main beam even as one, and Bridge Separate lines, making stent through the pier with the smooth. The aircraft is the
39、 advantage of the beam of unrestricted, may also have segments assembled, the disadvantage is that the piers to be pre-installed in the large bracket. Under the bridge-building machine in the main advantages of the bridge is operating at the top of the pier, or suitable for urban overpass constructi
40、on Takahashi, the main beam supporting the pier and has become LEUNG, without setting pier bracket. Group standard for the bridge-building machines to fight a wide range of low cost, fast speed and construction. I Zhegan Xian Fuhe Bridge Group in a fight on August 7 beam group of bridge-building mac
41、hines, using precast segments of the assembled 40 m two-hole simple box-girder, the average speed for each hole 8 d. Beam length of 4 m, beam width of 8.6 m, high-beam to 3.6 m, sorghum weight of about 11 000 kN; full-beam into seven precast segments, segments were 5 m +5 5.4 m, wet joints for 6 0.6
42、 m. The bridge-building machines stent is characterized by lifting the internal truss segment hanging in place, screw-off for elevation and used to support pier roof, traction slip Traveling through-hole joist using automatic opening and closing flip side, the top support pier On the same plane coul
43、d not cope with a crane vehicle. From the effects of construction, the plane fight alone group, a lower cost, superior performance. 4 Outlook With the highway, railway speed increase, and high-speed railway construction condensate soil simple beam bridge is still the main bridge, and to the general
44、direction of overall development, so simple beam bridge construction equipment and technology needed step in research. In bridging the development machine, yet R & D should be able to adapt to the larger vertical and horizontal curve and slope bridge, a span of the bridge modular self-assumed; desig
45、n in addition to the higher utilization factors outside of the bridge should be strengthened Structural analysis and safety control measures to prevent the bridge machine at work in the process of fatal plane crash accident. Simple bridge-building machines in the development, research and developmen
46、t should be tire-beam segments of the transport vehicle self-supporting pier or pier next to the top bracket, bridge-building machines further enhance the degree of automation through structural optimization and design, enhancing the benefits of bridge-building Factor, and should consider Series, mo
47、dular series, assembled to expand the scope of application of the bridge, lower construction cost.浅谈我国混凝土简支梁桥施工技术与发展随着工技术的进步 ，原有混凝土简支梁桥工方法的分类已不能反映技术的进步，为便起见不妨分为支架现浇法、整孔架设法和移动模架法类。本文拟对混凝土简支梁桥的上述施工方法分进行介绍和总结，以期对施工方案的制定和实施到指导作用 。1 支架现浇法支架现浇法是指在梁下搭设支架来支撑模板浇筑的钢筋混凝土以及其它施工荷载，最后落架桥的施工方法。支架虽是临时施工结构 ，但它影响梁体质量
48、和施工安全，必须认真对待。一般应该注下列问题：(1) 足够的强度、刚度和稳定性 。支架必须可靠地承受施工过程中可能产生的各种荷载，而荷载种类和大小的估算是关键，可根据施工技术规范和施工经验确定；支架基础必须可靠，可根据对支架的计算结果 ，取最不利工况对基础进行设计 ，且要对地基进行必要的处理；临时结构中的构件连接是保证整体稳定性的关键，必须确保连接点的安全，并且要有足够的纵、横、斜连接杆件，防止出现整体失稳或局部失稳。一般而言，支架的强度较容易得到保证 ，但支的稳定性往往被忽视。其原因是结构的稳定问题较难计算，但随着大型商用软件的出现 ，该问题逐步被解决；对于比较重要的支架 ，当对稳定性没有绝对把握时， 应进行仿真分析。(2) 立模标高的确定。桥梁在设计时大多留有预拱度(常称设计预拱度)，而支架会因各种荷载的作用而发生变形 ，因此也要考虑支架变形的影响即施工预拱度。在施工之前 ，必须计算施工预拱度和设计预拱度，以确定正确的立模标高，进而保证成桥后满足设计和规范要求的线形。为取得较为精确的施工预拱度，必要时对支架进行预压试验，以确定支架的非弹性变形和弹性变形值 ，以验证施工计算中的各个参数。(3) 卸落设备 。对现浇支架要设置卸落设备 ，落架时要对称 、均匀 ，防止主梁产生局部应力 。过去常用的卸落设备为楔块和砂筒 ，现在多用千斤顶和制式器材配备的专用设备等。虽
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