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1、非谓语动词,petersogood,1. We find it impossible for the work _ahead of time.A. to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished,精析：for the work 指出动作逻辑主语，和finish之间是被动关系，所以答案D。,高考链接,2. - The picture _ on the wall is painted by my niece.( 2001上海) having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hanged,解析：
2、本题考查过去分词作定语的用法。分析题目可知，谓语是is painted，那么选项部分应是充当定语的。B项是现在分词的一般式，相当于定语从句which is hanging。答案B。,高考链接,一、-ing/to作主语,Translate the following sentences into English. 1.对他说话等于对牛弹琴。 _ to him is talking to a wall. 2.吸烟会致癌。 _ may cause cancer. 3.眼见为实。 Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.,Talking,Smoking,常用
3、-ing形式作主语的句型有： 1. It +be +a waste of time doing 做是浪费时间的 2. It is/was no good/use/useless doing 做是没用的 3. It is/was worth doing 做值得的 4. There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比更糟的 5. There is/was no point doing 做无意义 6. It is fun doing 做非常有趣 例如：和Tom争辩是没有什么用的。 _ with Tom,It is useless trying to argue,注
4、意1：it作形式主语情况,注意2：-ing和to做主语区别,1. 动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作或已知、完成的事或者经验，不定式则通常表示具体的动作，未完成的事或目的。如： 1) 她觉得探视病人是一种责任，也是一种愉悦。 She felt that _ was a duty and a pleasure 2)到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的经历。 _ in an American home will be a good experience for me.,visiting sick people,To be a guest,2. 逻辑主语形式不同： 1) 我姐姐病了，使我很担心。
5、 My sisters being ill made we worried. 2) 对我们来说学习数学太难了。,It is difficult for us to learn maths.,注意2：-ing和to做主语区别,二、doing/to do做宾语,只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，cannot help，imagine，mind，practise，cannot stand，fancy，feel like， admit, deny, allow, involve等 e.g. 我正考虑搬家到北京呢。 I
6、am considering _ to Beijing.,moving,二、doing/to do做宾语,常用动词不定式作宾语的动词常考的有： hope, refuse, set out，manage, pretend, plan, afford, expect，determine, promise, arrange, decide,want, wish，demand，aim,ask, seem, appear，agree, volunteer, happen, choose, bother, fail, threaten等 1. The workers demanded to get bet
7、ter pay. 2. 你安排好这周末见马克了吗？ _Mark this weekend?,Have you arranged to meet,既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有： A在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用-ing或 to do 差别不大 B在begin/start，continue之后，用动名词和不定式，意义无区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。,二、doing/to do做宾语,C在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同。 ing 表示做过，to do 表示没有做 D在try，mean之后，意义各不相同，如t
8、ry to do (试图，设法)，try doing (试试)，mean to do (打算，有意要做)，mean doing (意思是，意味着),go on doing (继续未完之事)，go on to do(继续另外的事)。,二、doing/to do做宾语,注意1 . ing做介词宾语,Weve got to think of ways of changing peoples habits. On hearing the news, he left immediately.,注意：下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或-ing形式：devote to，object to，pay a
9、ttention to，get down to，lead to, look forward to，stick to，be used to， adapt to, adjust to, be accustomed to,I have no idea about how to do it. I dont know what to expect in the future. 注意：it作形式宾语情况 I find it difficult to understand him. We thought it wrong not to help her.,注意2. WH+to do 做宾语,注意： 不定式用
10、在介词but, except, 后作宾语时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.,(1). She could do nothing but cry. (2). I have no choice but to go.,注意3： be +adj.+to do做宾语,be+afraid, sure, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready等构成的谓语后可加不定式to do做宾语 I am sure to finish the work on time. I am determined to give up
11、smoking. 注意：情感形容词+to do，一般是原因状语 e.g. I am happy to help you.,1. -ing作表语时主语往往是事，表性质。 Her hobby is painting. The result is really pleasing. 2. -ed 作表语，表状态 She was very pleased with the result. The cup was broken. 3. 主语常常是表意向，打算，计划的词。如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, dream, aim等.常用to do 做表语。 My aim is
12、to help the poor.,三、-ing/to do/-ed形式作表语,四、ing/to do/-ed形式作定语用法,1. 动名词做定语表作用或功能，分词表被修饰者的动作或状态 drinking water = water for drinking tiring music = music that is tiring The injured boy=the boy who is injured 2. 常考的不定式作定语的词有way,ability, chance, ambition, anxiety, attempt, belief或者由 only, last, next, 序数词和
13、adj.最高级 He has an ambition to be a pilot. He is the first to come and the last to leave. （to do 与主语必须是主谓关系，被动用-ed）,注意区别,1. The building to be built next year is our teaching building. 2. The building built last year is our teaching building. 3. The building being built now is our teaching building.,
14、1. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，表主动、进行 They heard him singing in the next room. 2. ed 作宾补，通常表被动与完成 With the work finished, we went back home. 3. to do 表示过程，或者将来 We saw him go up stairs. With a lot of work to do, I cant leave.,五、非谓语动词作宾语补足语,1）with+宾语+doing With his mother helping him, he finished the worked soon.
15、2) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如： We saw a light burning in the window.,非谓语动词作宾补的情况,I wont have you doing that. Im sorry to have kept you waiting. I cant get the clock going again. You wont catch me doing that again. Dont leave him playing alon
16、e.,3) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：,归纳：(3)表示“_”等意义的词，如：_等,4.）希望，愿望或要求 want, wish, like, expect, order He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting. B. He ordered this work (to be) finished by tomorrow. C. They wish a bridge built in their hometown one day.,六、非谓语动词作状语,1. to
17、do 作目的状语 I came here to see you. To catch the first train, He got up very early. 2. to do/-ing 作结果状语 I rushed to the station, only to find the train had already gone. (出人意料的结果) Tom is old enough to take care of himself. He died last year, leaving his son alone in the world. (自然发生的结果),3. ing/ed 作时间状语
18、，相当于状语从句 When heated, ice will be changed into water. =When it is heated, ice will be changed into water. Seeing from the top building, I can see the whole city.,六、非谓语动词作状语,4. to do/doing/-ed 作原因状语 I am happy to help you. Being ill, he didnt attend the meeting. Not knowing his name, I cant find him.
19、 Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. 5. doing 作伴随或者方式状语 He sat near the window, reading a book.,六、非谓语动词作状语,6. doing/ed 作条件状语 Working hard, you will succeed. Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better. 7. doing/-ed 作让步状语 Having failed many times,
20、 he didnt lose heart. Given more time, we still cant finish the work.,六、非谓语动词作状语,七、不定式时态语态,不定式,to do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been done,-,(1).They pretended not to see us.,(2). He pretended to be studying.,(3).She pretended to have known it before.,强调同时发生,强调先后,七、不定式时态语态,八、-ing时态语态
21、构成,Having failed many times, he finally discovered the secret.,九、doing/to do主动表被动,1. adj+to do 2. to do 作定语，有动作执行者，否则用to be done. 3. rent/let/blame 主动表被动 4. be worth doing 5. want/need/require +doing 6. The stars are too far to see/to be seen 均可,十、独立主格结构,1. Time permitting, well finish the work. 2.
22、The work finished, we went back home. 3. The exam to be held tomorrow, I cant go to the cinema tonight. 4. The hunter entered the forest, gun in hand. 5. There being no buses, we had to walk home.,十一、特殊用法,1. not to say/mention/let alone 更不用说 2. strange to say 说来奇怪 3. to make things worse 更糟糕的是 4. to
23、 be brief/to put it briefly 简言之 5. to cut a long story short 长话短说 6. to put it another way 换句话说 7. judging from 从判断 8. given/considering that/allowing for 鉴于,强化练习,高考题,【2011天津卷,12】 into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. A. Translating B. Translated C. To transl
24、ate D. Having translated 【解析】句意为“翻译成英语后，发现这个句子的词序全变了。”the sentence与translate之间存在着被动关系，故用过去分词，答案B。,高考题,【2011上海春招,36】 in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as a fun park. A. Opened B. Having opened C. Opening D. Being opened 【答案】A,高考题,【2011四川卷,16】 an important role in a new movie, Andy
25、 has a chance to become famous. A.Offer B.Offering C.Offered D.To offer 【解析】句意为“Andy在一部新影片中扮演重要角色，这就有了成名的机会。”offer sb. sth.(主动)提供某人某物。句中Andy与offer之间存在着被动关系，故选C。,1. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he is studyIng in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have bee
26、n studying 2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make,C,B,强化练习,3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects,强化练习,4. Having a trip a
27、broad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see,B,B,5. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. A. who B. when C. how D. why 6. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the s
28、treet, but his mother told him _ not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,A,A,强化练习,7. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 8. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented,C,B,强化练习,