1、EuropeanstandardNormeeuropeenneEuropaischenormICS01.040.59;59.040EN1885:2O18+A1February2025SupersedesEN1885:2018EnglishVersionFeatheranddown-TermsanddefinitionsPlumesetduvets-TermesetdefinitionsFedernundDaunen-BegriffeThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon7May2018andincludesAmendment1approvedbyCENon
2、13January2025.CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEuropeanStandardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Up-to-datelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcerningsuchnationalstandardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCEN-CENELECMa
3、nagementCentreortoanyCENmember.ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).AversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytranslationundertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCEN-CENELECManagementCentrehasthesamestatusastheofficialversions.CENmembersarethenati
4、onalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,RepublicofNorthMacedonia,Romania,Serbia,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerla
5、nd,TiirkiyeandUnitedKingdom.EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATIONCOMITEEUROPEENDENORMALISATIONEuropaischeskomiteefurnormungCEN-CENELECManagementCentre:RuedelaScience23,B-1040Brussels2025CENAllrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreservedRef.No.EN1885:2O18+A1:2025EworldwideforCENnationalMembers.Co
6、ntentsPageEuropeanforeword31 Scope42 NormativeReferences43 Termsanddefinitions43.1 Concerningthestructure43.2 Accordingtothetypeofanimal143.3 Othertermsanddefinitions16AnnexA(informative)Qualitativeidentificationoftheelementsconstitutingtheplumageoffowlspecies18A.lGeneral18A.2Morphologicalcharacteri
7、sticsallowingtodifferentiatetheelements18A.3Morphologicalcharacteristicsallowingtosingleoutthefowlspecies18A.3.1Byvisualexamination18A.3.1.IEiderdown18A.3.1.2Goose19A.3.1.3Duck19A.3.1.4Landfowl19A.3.2Microscopemethod19A.3.2.IGoose19A.3.2.2Duck19Bibliography21EuropeanforewordThisdocument(EN1885:2018+
8、Al:2025)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC443nFeatheranddown”,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyDIN.ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextorbyendorsement,atthelatestbySeptember2025,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatest
9、bySeptember2025.ThisdocumentincludesAmendment1approvedbyCENon13January2025.Attentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisdocumentmaybethesubjectofpatentrights.CENshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.ThisdocumentsupersedesEN1885:2018.血Thestartandfinishoftextint
10、roducedoralteredbyamendmentisindicatedinthetextbytags回过LAccordingtotheCEN-CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganisationsofthefollowingcountriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,FormerYugoslavRepublicofM
11、acedonia,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,Romania,Serbia,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,TurkeyandtheUnitedKingdom.1 ScopeThisdocumentdefinestheprincipaltermsusedinthefieldoffeatheranddown.2 NormativeR
12、eferencesTherearenonormativereferencesinthisdocument.3 TermsanddefinitionsForthepurposesofthisdocument,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply.ISOandIECmaintainterminologicaldatabasesforuseinstandardizationatthefollowingaddresses: IECElectropedia:availableathttp:/www.electropedia.org/ ISOOnlinebrowsing
13、platform:availableathttp:/www.iso.org/obp3.1 Concerningthestructure3.1.1plumageallelements(quillfeathers,feathers,down,plumule)ofthecoveringofdifferentkindsofwaterfowlandlandfowl3.1.2quillfeatherstiftcoarse,wingandtailplumage.Ithasalongerandstiffervane(3.1.12thanafeather(3.1.3.1)3.1.3Feather3.1.3.1f
14、eather(general)plumage(3.1.1)withoutquillfeathers(3.1.2)KeyAquillpoint(3.1.10)Bquillshaft(3.1.9)Cquill(3.1.8)Dupperquill(seedamagedfeather3.3.7)Figure1Feather3.1.3.2feather(specific)hornyintegumentoffowls,withshorterandsoftervane(3.1.12thanquillfeather(3.1.2)and,unlikeplumules(3.1.17),awell-develope
15、dquill(3.1.8)3.1.4neckfeathersmallestfeathersfromtheneckandheadarea3.1.5nestlingfeatherpinfeatherfeather(3.1.3.1)notfullydeveloped,havingnodistinguishablequill(3.1.8)butwithrelativelyshortcoarsebarbs(3.1.20)3.1.6filoplumesfeatherswithabarequillwithoutvanebutwithabrushedtip3.1.7flatfeatherfeather(3.1
16、3.1)withstraightvane(3.1.12)3.1.8quillaxialpartofquillfeather(3.1.2)andfeathers(3.1.3.1).Itisformedbythequillpoint(3.1.10andthequillshaft(3.1.9)Note1toentry:SeeFigure1.3.1.9quillshaftpartofthequill(3.1.8)whichcarriesthevane(3.1.12)Note1toentry:SeeFigure1andFigure2.3.1.10quillpointpartofthequill(3.1
17、8)insertedintheskinandpartiallyprotrudingfromitNote1toentry:SeeFigure1andFigure2.3.1.11aftershaftfeather(3.1.3.1)thatbranchesofffromthesamequillpoint(3.1.10)ofanormalfeatherandthatissmallerthanthisone;itistypicalforchickensandturkeysNote1toentry:SeeFigure13.3.1.12vanethewholeoffeatherbarbs(3.1.20in
18、timatelyconnectedamongthembymeansofbarbules(3.1.22);itbranchesofffromthequillshaft(3.1.9)Note1toentry:Presentinquillfeather(3.1.2)andfeathers(3.1.3.1)butabsentindown(3.1.13).Note2toentry:SeeFigure2.Key1prong(3.1.23)2barbule(3.1.22)3barb(3.1.20)4quillshaft(3.1.9)5quillpoint(3.1.10)Figure4Featherwithm
19、agnificationofthevane(3.1.12)a)outerfaceofthequillc)SketchoflowerbarbuleswiththornsandclampteethKey1prongs(3.1.23)4lowerbarbules(3.1.22)2barb(3.1.20)5thorns(3.1.24)3upperbarbules(3.1.22)6clampteeth(3.1.25)Figure5Feathervane(3.1.12)withdetailsofupperandlowerbarbules(3.1.22)3.1.13downplumageformingthe
20、undercoatingofwaterfowl,consistingofclustersoflight,fluffyfilaments(e.g.downbarbs3.1.21)growingfromonescantlysketcheddowncore(3.1.14)butwithoutanyquillshaft(3.1.9)orvane(3.1.12)Note1toentry:Conventionallyatleasttwobarbsconnectedatonepointareconsideredasdown.Figure6Down3.1.14downcorecentregrowthpoint
21、inaclusterofdown3.1.15nestlingdowndown(3.1.13)notfullydeveloped,withbarbules(3.1.22)emanatingfromthebasalendcoveredwithasheath(3.1.16)andwithoutanyquill(3.1.8)Figure7NestlingdownKey1sheath3.1.16sheathcoveringatthebasalendofnestlingdown(3.1.15)whichholdsthebarbules(3.1.22)togetherNote1toentry:SeeFigu
22、re7.3.1.17plumuledownythree-dimensionalwaterfowlplumageproducedintheearlyweeksoflifewithunderdevelopedsoftandflaccidquill(3.1.8)andfeatherbarbs(3.1.20)indistinguishablefromthebarbsofdownNote1toentry:Aplumuleunitesafeather-likestructurewithcharacteristicsofdown.Plumulesarethree-dimensionalwithunderde
23、velopedquillsandasoft,transparenttip.Figure8Plumule3.1.18featherfiberfeatherbarb(3.1.20)detachedfromthequillshaft(3.1.9)3.1.19downfiberdownbarb(3.1.21detachedrespectivelyfromthedowncore(3.1.14)3.1.20featherbarbmainstructureofthevane(3.1.12),directlygrowingfromthequillshaft(3.1.9)andbearingbarbules(3
24、1.22),withprongs(3.1.23),thorns(3.1.24)andclampteeth(3.1.25)usuallywithoutnodes(3.1.26)Note1toentry:SeeFigure5.3.1.21downbarbFilamentarystructurefurnishedwithbarbules(3.1.22withnodes(3.1.26),butgenerallywithoutprongs(3.1.23),thorns(3.1.24)andclampteeth(3.1.25)Key1nodes(3.1.26)2barbules(3.1.22)3barb
25、3.1.21)Figure9Downbarb(3.1.21)withnodes(3.1.26)3.1.22barbulebranchofthefeatherbarb(3.1.20)witheitheritsnodes(3.1.26)orprongs(3.1.23)11!Iia)gooseb)duckKey1 nodes(3.1.26)2 internodes(3.1.27)Figure103.1.23prongshortspinyoutgrowthsemanatingfrombarbules(3.1Note1toentry:SeeFigure2andFigure5.3.1.24thornli
26、ttleprominenceOflowerbarbules(3.1.22)Note1toentry:SeeFigure5.3.1.25clamptoothlittleprominenceoflowerbarbules(3.1.22)Ilc)chickenBarbules-22)Note1toentry:SeeFigure5.3.1.26nodeprotuberanceorswellingappearingonbarbules(3.1.22)Note1toentry:SeeFigure9andFigure10.3.1.27internodedistancebetweenthebasisoftwo
27、consecutivenodes(3.1.26)Note1toentry:SeeFigure10.3.2Accordingtothetypeofanimal3.2.1waterfowlfeatherfeather(3.1.3.1)derivedfromthepluckingofwaterfowl,suchasducksandgeese,and/orpickedineiderducks,nests3.2.1.1goosefeatherfeather(3.1.3.1)derivedfromthepluckingofgeeseFigure11Goosefeather3.2.1.2duckfeathe
28、rfeather(3.1.3.1)derivedfromthepluckingofducks3.2.1.3downofeiderduckdown(3.1.13pickedfromeiderducks,nests322landfowlfeatherfeather(3.1.3.1)derivedfromthepluckingofIandfowbincludeschickenfeathers(3.2.2.1)andturkey(3.2.2.2)3.2.2.1chickenfeatherfeatherderivedfromthepluckingofchicken;alsofeatherofallkin
29、doflandfowls(322)Figure12Duckfeather3.2.2.2turkeyfeatherfeather(3.1.3.1)derivedfromthepluckingofturkeys3.3Othertermsanddefinitions3.3.1rawplumageplumageobtainedbypluckingtheanimal,wetordry;withorwithoutdust,possiblydisinfectedortreatedmerelyforpreservation;pre-treatedplumagewhichhasbeenrinsed,driedo
30、rsorted;plumagewhichhasbeenalreadyusedasfillingmaterial,notyetreprocessed3.3.2finishedplumageplumagewhichhasbeenpassedthroughalltheworkingprocesses,includingwashing,dryingandallhygienictreatments3.3.2.1newplumage回downandfeathersobtainedfromfoodproductionfacilities(slaughterhouses)orcollectedfromrura
31、l/non-industrialfarms,andnotpreviouslyincorporatedinafinishedproductcollectedfromthewastestreamafterconsumeruse(i.e.post-consumerrecycledmaterials)Note1toentry:Downofeiderduck(3.2.1.3)fallsintonewplumagecategory,ifnotpreviouslyincorporatedinafinishedproductcollectedfromthewastestreamafterconsumeruse
32、i.e.post-consumerrecycledmaterials).&3.3.2.2E)recycledplumagematerialsrecoveredorotherwiseremovedfromthewastestreamafterusebyconsumers(i.e.postconsumerrecycledmaterials),thenreprocessedwithappropriatetreatmentssuchaswashing,dryingandhygienictreatmentsandthenusedasfillingmaterialinthemanufactureoffi
33、nishedproductsNote1toentry:AccordingtoDirective2008/98/EC,recyclingcanonlybeperformedonproductsthathavebeenclassifiedaswaste.回3.3.3milledfeatherfeather(3.1.3.1)whichhasbeenchoppedorcurledbymeansofamechanicalprocess3.3.4brokenfeatherfeather(3.1.3.1)whosequill(3.1.8)isbrokenNote1toentry:Afeatherisbrok
34、enwhenmorethan40%ofthequillismissing.3.3.5fracturedfeatherfeather(see3.1.3.1)whosequill(see3.1.8)isbrokenbutnotseparated3.3.6strippedfeathergroupofbarbs(3.1.20)ofafeather(3.1.3.1)strippedfromthequillshaft(3.1.9)butnotseparatedintofeatherfibres(3.1.18)3.3.7damagedfeatherfeather(3.1.3.1)withunbrokensh
35、aftwhichwhileretainingitsoriginalformisexhibitingdamagetothevane(3.1.12)duetochemicaland/orbiologicalcausesorduetomissingbarbs(3.1.20ormissingpartofthevaneand/orupperquillduetomechanicalcausesNote1toentry:Afeatherisdamagedwhenmorethan25%ofthefeathersurfaceismissing(3.1.3.1).3.3.8residualmatterquillp
36、ith,quillfragments,oranyotherforeignmatterE)3.3.9foreignmatternon-plumagederivedmaterial包AnnexA(informativeQualitativeidentificationoftheelementsconstitutingtheplumageoffowlspeciesA.lGeneralThemorphologicalcharacteristicsofthevarioustypesoffeathersanddownareattimesrathersimilarandthereforeasufficien
37、tlyaccuratedescriptionisnotalwayspossibleinviewofadefiniteidentification.Thequalitativeanalysisiscarriedoutbyvisualexaminationaswellaswithmicroscopicalanalysis.A.2MorphologicalcharacteristicsallowingtodifferentiatetheelementsDown(3.1.13three-dimensionalclustersofbarbs(3.1.20),directlyforthcomingfrom
38、ascantlysketchedcore(3.1.14).Thebarbsareprovidedwithbarbules(3.1.22andnodes,whereasprongs(3.1.23),thorns(3.1.24)andclampteeth(3.1.25)aregenerallymissing.Atleasttwobarbsoriginatingfromonepointareconventionallyconsideredasdown.Plumule(3.1.17)hasathree-dimensionalstructureunlikethetwo-dimensionalfeathe
39、r;ithasanunderdevelopedsoftandflaccidquillfromwhichoriginatebarbssimilartodownbarbs,thereforetheycannotbesingledout.Thedownbarbsdevelopdirectlyfromthecore.Thetipoftheplumuleisopen,transparentandsoftunlikethetipofafeatherwhichiscompactandflat.Nestlingdown(3.1.15isanotcompletelydevelopeddownanddiffers
40、fromadowncluster(3.1.13)byitsbarbsbeingkepttogetherbyasheath(3.1.16andnotoriginatingfromacore(3.1.14).Down,nestlingdownandplumulefibre(3.1.18):singlebarbsseparatedfromthecore,thesheathorthequill.Feather(3.1.3.1)hasatwo-dimensionalstructureandashorterandmoreflexiblevanethanthatofthequillfeather(3.1.2
41、)andunliketheplumule,hasarigid,well-developedquillandacompactandflattip.Brokenfeather(3.3.4):conventionallyafeatherisbrokenwhenmorethan40%ofitsquillismissingorwhenitismissingitsvaneorwhenitisbrokenbutnotseparatedintoparts.Damagedfeather(3.3.7):conventionallyafeatherisdamagedwhenitsquillisnotbrokenbu
42、tmorethan25%ofitssurfaceismissingduetothemissingofitsvaneoroftheupperpartofitsquill.Quillfeather(3.1.2)hasaflattwo-dimensionalstructureandalongervane;itsbarbsaremorerigidthantheonesofafeather.Itisacoarsefeatherofthewingsandtailofwater-andlandfowl.A.3Morphologicalcharacteristicsallowingtosingleoutthe
43、fowlspeciesA.3.1ByvisualexaminationA.3.1.1EiderdownThevisualexaminationissufficientgiventheparticularmacroscopicmorphologicalcharacteristicsofthistypeofdown.A.3.1.2Goose一thequillshaftisstifferandnormallythickerthantheduckfeathersquillshaft;一thequillshowsastrongercurb(whengiven);一thequillpointhasamor
44、eovalsectionandislesssharpenedthantheduckfeathersquillpoint;thevaneiswelldevelopedwithtightbarbs,wellinterconnected,unlikelandfowl;thevanehasatendentiallyrectangularshapewithawidetipandfibresatthebase.A.3.1.3Duck一thequillshaftislessrigidandgenerallythinnerthanthegoosefeatherquillshaft;一thequillisles
45、scurbed,whengiven;一thequillpointhasamorecylindricalsectionandissharperthanthatofagoosefeather;asforthegoosefeather,thevaneiswelldeveloped,withtight,interconnectedbarbsunliketheonesOflandfowlfeather;thevanehasatendentiallytriangularshapewithasharpenedtip;一therearefewfibresatthebase.A.3.1.4Landfowl一th
46、efeathermaybeprovidedwithanaftershaft,thatisasmallerfeatheroriginatingfromasamequillpoint;一thequillshaftisthinnerthanthatofwaterfowl;一thevaneisflatwiththinner,poorlyconnectedbarbs,unliketheonesofwaterfowlfeathers;一thevanehasalongandnarrowshapewithsharpenedtip.A.3.2MicroscopemethodA.3.2.1GooseThebarb
47、ules,locatedatthebaseofgooseshowlessnodeswithregardtothoseofduck;generallythenodescanbeobservedinthefirstthirdoftheirlength.Inthebarbulesthatarelocatedatagreaterdistancefromthebaseofthebarbsnonodesarenormallyobservedlikeintheduckfeather.Theinternodesofgoosebarbsaredoubleaslongasthoseofduckfeatherbarbs.Unlikeduck,prongsaremissing.A.3.2.2D
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