1、美丽中国( Wild China )第六集双语对照文本字幕(2012-04-21 08:03:44)美丽中国( Wild China )第六集 潮汐更迭 Tides of Change 双语对照文本字幕从东端的长城起中国的海岸跨度14,500 公里并且拥有五千多年的历史在这个方面显示了中国的过去和未来之间的差距如今中国的东海岸线有七亿人口居住在科技高速发展的沿海城市From the eastern end of the Great Wall, Chinas coast spans 14,500 kilometres and more than 5,000 years of history.Th
2、is is the area which shows the greatest contrast between Chinas past and its future.Today Chinas eastern seaboardis home to 700 million people,packed into some of the most dazzling hi-tech cities on earth. 然而这些拥挤的海岸仍然是野生动物的一个重要财富Yet these crowded shores remain hugely important for a wealth of wildli
3、fe. 现在 古老的传统渐渐被新的气息所侵蚀Now, as ancient traditions mingle with new aspirations, 那么在中国拥挤的海岸上还有野生动物的活动场所吗is there any room at all for wildlife on Chinas crowded shores? 谨以此献给我们多灾多难但美丽依旧的祖国For our troubled but drop-dead beautiful motherland在中国北方的扎龙自然保护区 In northern Chinas Zhalong Nature Reserve, 一对丹顶鹤正守望
4、着它们的产卵领土a pair of red-crowned cranes have staked out their nesting territory在一个商业管理的芦苇床残株里in the stubble of a commercially managed reed bed.数百年来For centuries,cranes have been revered in China鹤被中国人视为长寿的象征而备受尊崇 as symbols of longevity.它们的雕像被放在皇帝的宝座旁 Their statues were placed next to the Emperors thron
5、e.鹤因此而受到赞扬The cranes have cause to celebrate.幼鹤在困难时刻就象征着希望This chick is a sign of hope in difficult times.丹顶鹤是世界上最濒临灭绝边缘的物种之一Red-crowned cranes are one of the worlds most endangered species.在过去的一个世纪Over the last century,中国失去了近一半的沿海湿地China has lost nearly half of its coastal wetlands并且大多数改造地是为了造福人类而非
6、野生动物and most of what remains is managed for the benefit of people, not wildlife. 从现在起的数个月 A few months from now, 幼鹤和它的家人将面临一场往南方的大迁徙this chick and its parents will face a long migration south来躲避北方的严冬to escape the harsh northern winter.它们将沿着海岸向前Their route will take them along a coast然而这些海岸已经受到人类活动的巨
7、大影响which has been greatly affected by human activity.在它们的征途上Along their journey, the cranes will be joined将有成千上万其他鸟类加入迁徙大军by many thousands of other migrating birds.它们迁徙的方向横跨南渤海湾All heading south across the Bohai Gulf沿海岸的黄海和中国东海and along the shores of the Yellow and East China Seas,最远甚至抵达中国南海 寻找一个安全
8、的冬季避难所 每年候鸟迁徙已持续了数千年之久在中国东北海岸的锦屏山 存留着人类 曾长期居住过的惊人遗迹 七千年前 少昊部落的成员雕刻下的神奇符号some even reaching as far as the South China Sea in search of a safe winter haven.The annual bird migration has been going on for thousands of years.Here at Mount Jinping on Chinas northeast coast, there is surprising evidenceth
9、at people have lived here almost as long.Seven thousand years ago,members of the Shao Hao tribe carved magical symbols 描绘出他们日常生活得到的重要原理representing significant elements of their daily lives. 这种岩石雕刻显示出The petroglyphs show wheat sheaves connected by lines to human figures, 中国第一个有记录的耕种遗址 the first know
10、n recordings of cultivation in China. 因为常年目睹群鸟迁徙的奇观Familiar with the spectacle of yearly bird migrations,少昊人选择一只鸟的符号作为他们的图腾the Shao Hao people chose a symbol of a bird as their totem.锦屏山位于山东半岛附近Mount Jinping lies near the Shandong peninsula,是候鸟的一个重要越冬场所an important wintering site for migrant birds,即
11、使在今天仍然有鸟群沿着这条海岸线前进and even today there are still communities along this coastline并且和当地的鸟群保持着密切关系 who retain a special affinity with their local birdlife.烟墩礁 Yandun Jiao village,位于半岛的东北岸on the north-eastern shore of the peninsula,以其传统特色的海藻覆顶建筑闻名于世在早春料峭的清晨 屈夫妇在破晓时刻出来碰运气 带着海民的传统工具桶和小铲当屈家人朝着港湾前进 一群被当地人
12、亲切称为“冬日天使”的大天鹅 在海湾醒来 屈家和他们的邻居在潮落的泥浆中 寻找管状的孔 那里意味着有扇贝或竹蛏深藏在泥底 收集贝克是颇为流行的消遣 当地人以出海为主要营生 当老屈站在启程船只的甲板上 天鹅并肩掠过 整个海湾是一个巨型海藻农场人们整天忙于清理和照料海藻叶海藻长在巨大浮标舰队互相连接的绳子上is famous for its traditional seaweed-thatched cottages. On a chilly morning in early spring, Mr and Mrs Qu venture out at first lightarmed with the
13、 traditional seaside accessories of bucket and spade.As the Qus head down into the harbour, a flock of whooper swans,known affectionately here as winter angels, are waking out in the bay.The Qus and their neighbours search for tube holes in the mud at low tide,the sign of cockles and razor shells hi
14、dden deep below. While gathering shellfish is a popular pastime,the main business of Yandun Jiao happens further out at sea. As the boats set out,with Mr Qu on board,the swans set a parallel course.The whole of the bay is a gigantic seaweed farm.The men work all day cleaning and tending the kelp fro
15、nds that are grown on ropes linked to a vast armada of buoys.天鹅只吃长在绳子表面的本地海藻而非更有价值的产物所以它们无损经济作物的生长下午 当风在海上生起工人和天鹅退回岸边当追求与自然和谐的文化历经远路回归中国的时候The swans eat native seaweeds growing on the surface ropes rather than the valuable crop of kelp, so they do no harm to the commercial operation.In the afternoon
16、 as the wind picks up out at sea, the workers and swans return to shore.在中国拥挤的海岸线很难看到如此和谐的人地关系当夜晚降临 屈家人准备了扇贝it is rare to see such harmonious relationships on Chinas crowded coast. As evening draws on,the Qu family prepare their evening meal of cockles,馒头和海藻做为晚膳 孩子们谈话声 剩菜被村里的孩子们用来喂天鹅 这给孩子和村民带来许多乐趣s
17、teamed bread and seaweed.(KIDS CHATTERING)Leftovers are given to the village children to feed the swans.Its fun for the kids and provides并未鸟儿们度过寒夜提供了能量补给While the culture of seeking balance with nature goes back a long way in China,16天鹅已经利用这个庇护港 作为冬天的过冬地 只要敬重自然的传统还在鸟群鸣叫 当阳光使它们的岩石家园变暖 这些蛇便爬进灌木树丛 但是它们
18、不是来这晒日光浴的 越来越多的毒蛇出现了 事实上毒蛇占据了几乎所有栖息地 等着鸟们上钩 “守猎”游戏开始了 蛇隐藏得很好 但是蛇攻击鸟的时候 鸟的反应同样迅速 鸟群只在岛上停留几周an extra energy boost for the birds as they face another cold night.The swans have been using this sheltered bayat as a winter refuge for many generations.As long as the tradition of respect for nature persists
19、烟墩礁的村民和“冬日天使”间的this remarkable association between the Yandun Jiao community奇妙友谊就会持续下去and their winter angels looks set to continue.在渤海湾 天鹅村的最东北处Out in the Bohai Gulf, northeast of the swan village,一座小小的岩岛为迁徙的鸟儿提供了安静的歇脚地a small rocky island provides a quiet resting spot for migrating birds.但是蛇岛亦潜伏着
20、危险But Shedao Island has hidden dangers.由于海平面上升蝮蛇已被困在这座岛上6000 余年Pallas pit vipers trapped here 6,000 years ago by rising sea levels这已演化成一种险恶的生存方式have evolved a sinister lifestyle.每年有 10 个月 For 10 months of the year岛上没有任何食物there is nothing substantial to eat on the island,因此爬行类动物保持静止以保存体力so the reptil
21、es conserve their energy by barely moving at all. (BIRDS CAWING)As the sun warms their rocky home, the snakes climb up into the bushes and trees.But they arent here to sunbathe.More and more vipers appearuntil virtually every perch where a bird might landhas been booby-trapped.Then the waiting game
22、begins.The serpents camouflage is remarkable,but so are the birds reactions, as this high-speed shot reveals.The birds will only stay on the island for a couple of weeks.但是尽管蛇已经饿了几个月了但是它们实现饱餐一顿心愿的途径 只能是潜藏起来耐心等待 即便最微小的失误 也会导致狩猎的失败 蛇只能通过嗅觉寻找失去的美味 毒蛇用分叉的舌头 分辨空气来靠近追逐的猎物 最后的挑战是吞下自己头部两倍粗的食物But although th
23、e snakes have been starving for months,their only hope of bagging a meal is to be patient and sit tight.The slightest miscalculationand the snake is left with a mouthful of feathers.The dropped meal is tracked down mainly by smell, the viper using its forked tongueto taste the air until it is close
24、enough to see its quarryThe final challenge is to swallow a meal thats twice the size of its head. 蛇能让下巴脱臼并合理安排食物的方向使鸟嘴指向后边 对于爬虫来说，充足的时间也很短暂 再过几个星期，迁移就要结束了 鸟群会继续前进 这可能是蛇六个月中的最后一餐 但是并不是岛上会经历 盛宴和饥馑的循环 海也有季节变化 沿岸的渔民都知道这个变化在初望港盛大的聚会是新汛期开始的证明It does so by dislocating its jaws and positioning its prey so
25、the beak is pointing backwards.For the reptiles, this time of plenty is all too brief.In a couple of weeks, the migration will be over and the birds will have moved on.This could be the snakes last meal for six months.But it isnt just islandsthat experience cycles of feast and famine.The sea, too, h
26、as its seasons,a fact well known to fishing communities along the neighbouring coasts. In Chuwang harbour,the start of a new fishing season provides the excuse for a massive party.但是对于船主老赵来说But for boat owner Mr Zhao,既有庆祝又有祈祷its a day of prayer as well as celebration.老赵希望通过祭祀海神Zhao hopes that by pre
27、senting gifts and showing respect to the sea goddess,来确保他们来年捕鱼顺利安全同时 鼓声 爆竹反映了古人的信念he can help ensure a prosperous and safe year ahead for him and his crew.Meanwhile, drums, firecrackers and fireworks reflect the ancient belief 古人认为嘈杂巨响能驱赶海怪和坏运气that loud noises will frighten off dangerous sea devils
28、and bad fortune. 台子中间的那个是海龙的象征传说海龙控制着水和天气 夜晚风平浪静 赵先生和家人点亮了纸船灯笼 每一个闪烁的火焰带着一个愿望飘向海神Occupying centre stage is a representation of the sea dragon, mythical ruler of water and weather.In the calm of the evening,Mr Zhao and his family light paper boat lanterns.Each flickering flame carries a wish to the s
29、ea goddess,这个传统世代传递着a tradition passed on from parents to children over countless generations.在中国拥挤的海岸线上On Chinas crowded coasts,渔民们必须非常机敏fishermen need to be extremely resourceful.收渔网是一项繁重的工作目前为止还没有看到鱼只有海蜇每年 无数的海蜇被渤海湾的水流带到南方这种现象的生态学原因很复杂但决不是中国特有的 海蜇是快速繁殖的浮游生物的食物近些年来 人类污水和精耕细作使用的化肥Hauling in the net
30、s is hard work, and so far theres not a fish in sight.Only jellyfish.Each year, millions of jellyfishare carried south with the currents in the Bohai Gulf.The ecological story behind this event is complex, but by no means unique to China.Jellyfish are fast-breeding plankton feeders.In recent years,
31、human sewage and fertilisers from intensive farming增大了海湾的浮游生物繁殖速度have increased plankton blooms in the Gulf,提供了丰富的海蜇食物providing extra jellyfish food.由于过度捕鱼海蜇的敌人和竞争者少了While over-fishing has reduced their enemies and competitors.这种现象已经Its a phenomenon that has become increasingly widespread在全球蔓延然而 别的地
32、方认为是个问题在中国却被当成机会岸上四轮车载着海蜇到附近的大商店里在那里处理后销往全国四代人正在饱餐一碗海蜇片 这道菜可以延年益寿 离开了渤海湾 迁徙的鹤群 篦鹭和鸭子里边加入了其他鸟类across the worlds seas.However, what is seen elsewhere as a problem in China is perceived as an opportunity.Back on shore,mule carts transport the jellyfish to nearby warehouses where they will be processed
33、and sold as food all over China.Four generations tuck into a bowl of sliced jellyfish, the recipe for a long and healthy life.Leaving the Bohai Gulf behind, migrating cranes,spoonbills and ducks are joined by other birds,它们都飞向南方寻找安全的冬天栖息地all heading south in search of a safe winter haven.鸟群的迁徙路线顺着黄海
34、The birds migration route follows the coast of the Yellow Sea一路朝向江苏省down into Jiangsu Province,那里有肥沃的农业风景a fertile agricultural landscape有中国最后存留的盐沼泽地with some of the last remaining salt marshes in China.大丰At Dafeng,一小块盐沼泽的就是一只幸存动物的家园a small salt marsh reserve is home to an animal which is lucky to b
35、e alive. 中国人认为麋鹿是奇怪复杂的动物有像马一样的头牛一样的脚驴一样的尾巴朝向后边的鹿角在西方 自从第一个欧洲人叫它麋鹿以后我们也这样叫了在发情期雄鹿用植物的花环来装饰自己The Chinese see these Milu as a curious composite animal, with a horses head, cows feet, a tail like a donkeyand backwards-facing antlers.In the West, we know it as Davids Deer, after the first European to des
36、cribe it. During the rut, stags decorate themselves with garlands of vegetation这些东西是用鹿角弄的 激烈的战斗决定谁拥有交配权 雌鹿仍然带着去年的幼鹿 母鹿在发情期也没有给幼鹿断奶 幼鹿聚在一起 只回到自己母亲那里喂食collected in their antlers.Fierce battles decide mating rights.The females still have last years fawns in tow.They havent been weaned by the time of th
37、e rut and band together in large crhes, only returning to their mothers to feed.这种特殊的行为有助于帮助它们记清楚好斗的雄鹿This unique behaviour helps to keep them clear of the aggressive males.现在 中国仅存 2500 头麋鹿了 Today, there are just 2,500 Milu in China, 很明显如果再多也很有限but it is remarkable that there are any at all.在 20 世纪初
38、期 野外的麋鹿濒临灭绝In the early 1900s Milu became extinct in the wild,幸运的是一些良种鹿群被当作礼物送到了欧洲but luckily, some of the Imperial herd had been sent as a gift to Europe.那些在英格兰 Woburn Abbey 的麋鹿繁衍了下来Those at Woburn Abbey, in England, prospered.20 世纪 80 年代 40 头鹿被送回了故乡And in the early 1980s, 40 of the deer were retur
39、ned to their homeland它们在那里继续繁衍生息 迁徙的鹤群至今已经 顺着海岸向南飞行了两千多公里了 经过了大丰的麋鹿预留区 它们接近了另一个盐沼泽地 那里给它们过冬提供了极好的条件盐城，中国最大的沿海湿地 每年估计有三百万鸟拜访这里 （嘎嘎的叫声） 刚出生七个月的幼鹤 完成了第一次来回旅行 它们将会每年重复这样 坚强的鹤群能应付冬天的温度 温度可能降到零度以下where they continue to thrive.The migrating cranes have so far travelledover 2,000 kilometres southwards along
40、 the coast. Passing the Milu Deer Reserve at Dafeng, they are approaching another salt marshwhich will provide the perfect conditions for them to spend the winter.This is Yancheng, the largest coastal wetland in China, visited by an estimated three million birds each year. (SQUAWKING)Crane chicks th
41、at were only born seven months ago have now completed the first leg of a round trip which they will repeat every year.The hardy cranes can cope with winter temperatures which may drop below freezing.但是其他迁徙的鸟类 比如濒临灭绝的黑面篦鹭However, other migrating birds, like the endangered black-faced spoonbill,就没有那么耐
42、寒 are less cold-tolerant它们将要继续南飞寻找更温暖的气候and will continue even further south in search of warmer climes.（嘎嘎的叫声）在这里 许多迁徙的鸟群勉强达到了它们南飞旅程的一半在它们前面还有新的挑战中国最伟大的河长江是许多种类迁徙物种的聚集地每年 上百万吨的货物往来江面(SQUAWKING)At this point, many of the migrating bird flocks are barely halfway along their southward journey. Ahead o
43、f them lies a new challenge, Chinas greatest river, the Yangtze, and the venue for a very different kind of migration.Each year, millions of tons of cargo travel up and down the river, 使这里成了世界上最繁忙的航路之一making this one of the busiest waterways in the world.这些是中华绒蝥蟹因它们长毛爪子得名它们可以迁移长达1500 公里从支流和湖泊一直到河口他们
44、在那里繁殖后代中华鲟也有相似的迁徙中华鲟能长到 4 米长 半吨重近些年来 它们的数量骤减These are Chinese mitten crabs, named for their strange hairy claws.They may migrate as much as 1,500 kilometres from tributaries and lakes to the river mouth, where they gather to breed.A similar migration is made by the giant Yangtze sturgeon, which can
45、reach four metres long and weigh half a ton.这是由于它们的迁徙被越来越多的河坝阻挡了In recent years, its numbers have declined dramatically但是不仅中华鲟有这样的境遇 整个长江的生态系统都遭到了破坏 虽然有显耀的清理计划项目 估计长江是最大的 污染太平洋的单向水源 坐落于长江入海口的 崇明岛为迁徙的滨鸟 提供了重要的休养生息的地方人们对长江流域的野生动物的态度不断转变这个地方也是个很好的证明就像金先生一样他们不断地改善捕猎技巧捕获稀有鸟类供上海有钱人食用40 年里金先生一直用一张网简单的诱鸟和一只
46、竹笛来诱惑经过的鸟到他的网里（笛声 ）这需要耐心和高超的技巧但是 事情并不总是这样像其他许多最好的自然保护者一样金先生现在由偷猎者变为了看护者使用他捕猎技艺来保护他原先的猎物在东潭鸟类保护基地里人们将给这些捕获的鸟测量带环然后把它们释放由金先生和他的同事们收集的这些信息帮助保护了 200 多个不同的鸟类这些鸟类每年都要来到这个岛屿在崇明岛正南端是中国最大的海边城市上海as its migration is impeded by ever more river dams.But it isnt just animals like the sturgeon that are in trouble,
47、 the entire Yangtze River ecosystem is being poisoned.In spite of being the subject of an ambitious clean-up plan, today the river is reckoned to be the biggest single source of pollution entering the Pacific Ocean.Situated right at the mouth of its estuary, Chongming Island provides a vital resting and feeding spot for migrating shorebirds,and a place which offers welcome evidenceof changing attitudes towards the Yangtzes beleaguered wildlife. 几个世纪里这些沿岸泥滩一直吸引许多捕猎者For centuries these coastal mudflat
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