1、第四章 大副批注4-1 大副批注的语言1 大副批注收货单(Mates Receipt),也称做大副收据,是大副签发给托运人的收货凭证,用于证明船方已收到货物并已装上船舶。收货单是承运人签发提单的依据,是托运人向承运人换发海运提单的凭据。经大副签字的收货单如果没有货物状况不良的批注,托运人付清预付运费,即可凭此换取已装船清洁提单。如果收货单上出现了货物不良批注,在换发提单时,就要被原封不动地转注到提单上,这就构成了不清洁提单(Unclean B/L)。因此,正确填写大副批注具有重要意义。填写大副批注就注意下述事项:1.1不与提单内容重复按照某些国际法或公约的规定,有些货物的灭失、损坏承运人可免责
2、或者提单条款有些免责事项已成为一种惯例,承运人可不负赔偿责任。大副在签发收货单时,没有必要将此类免责条款做一批注,使之与提单条款内容重复。例如,中远提单背面“木材条款”规定:“本提单中关于木材已以表面完好状况装运的记载并不表明承运人承认木材上无污渍、裂缝、劈茬、孔洞或破损,并且对此承运人不负任何责任。”如果大副收据上对木材货物做出类似的批注,不仅与提单条款重复,而且还可能给货主收汇造成不必要的麻烦。1.2 对货物的不良状况做出准确的说明收货单上对货物不良状况的批注主要内容包括装卸条件、包装缺欠、包装受损、短量、质量缺欠等。大副在对这些方面做出批注时,必须语言准确,不生歧义。一此含糊不清、模棱
3、两可的用词应完全避免,如“许多(very much, many, a lot of)”、“一些(a little of, a few of)”、“少量(little of, few of)”、“部分(some of)”、“相当(a considerable amount of)”等。 应当指出,银行拒收载有不良批注的运输单据。但是,船方必须利用大副批注保护自身和船舶所有人的利益。在必要的情况下,在加注批注之前可与货方商量,使之有机会修复或更换状况不佳的货件。1.3 合理保护船方利益银行只接受单据上不注有货物及/或包装条件有缺陷的附加条款或批注的运输单据,除非信用证另有规定。因此,在收货单中加注
4、下述批注或类似意思的说明不会影响托运人的正常结汇:不明显地指出货物或其包装有缺陷,例如:旧箱、旧桶、旧包装袋、包装材料脆弱、没有包装等字样。强调由于货物性质或包装而引起的风险,承运人不负担责任的批注,例如:对装入纸袋中的货物因包装质量引起的损失或损坏不负责任。宣布对货物内容、重量、容量、质量或技术规格等情况不知情的批注,例如:承运人对货物质量和箱内数量不负责任,或装货人装船和计数,内容据装货人报称,承运人在装船时未核对等。对诸如“装卸自理(FIO)”等装卸条件的说明不构成不良批注。除非信用证条款明确禁止,否则,银行将接受用戳记或其他方式提及运费以外的附加费用的运输单据,如载有关于装卸或其他作业
5、发生的费用或开支的支付条件的提单。2 批注的语言特点 虽然批注中可以使用英语的正规措辞,但从简明扼要、严谨准确的角度出发,常可用缩写和省略结构。这里将批注的常用语言结构概括如下,供船员在生产中参考应用。2.1 形容词的使用货物的包装、内容、标志、尺码、数量、价值等可用形容词来说明,常用的结构为: 主语 + 形容词 这种结构实际是“主系表”结构的省略形式,如:all seals open 全部铅封已开bags empty 袋空bags leaky 袋子漏损nails loose 铁钉松动2.2 现在分词的使用批注中,常利用现在分词表示装货当时正在进行、正在发生、正在改变的动作,常用的结构为: 主
6、语 + 现在分词 这种结构实际是“主语+系词+现在分词”结构的省略形式,如:tarpaulin missing 油布脱落drums leaking 桶漏barrel oozing 桶渗漏nails starting 铁钉松动2.3 过去分词的使用批注中,常利用过去分词表示装货当时已经发生、已经完成、已经改变的动作,常用的结构为: 主语 + 过去分词 这种结构实际是“主语+系词+过去分词”结构的省略形式,如:side boards broken 旁板破裂bags chafed 包擦破bales stained 包装污染bundle loosed 松捆2.4 介词短语的使用一般的英语句中,常用介词
7、短语作状语、定语和表语。在批注中,表示位置、方法、状态、数量等时常直接利用介词短语,常用的结构为: 主语 + 介词短语 这种结构实际是“主语+系词+介词短语”结构的省略形式,如:night work at shippers request 托运人要求夜晚作业2 bags chafed in disputes 2包擦破,但有争议5 cases soaked due to nature of cargo 5箱浸湿,因货物性质所致bag stained by salt water 袋子受盐渍2.5 其他结构批注语言虽然变化无穷,但还是可以概括出一般的规律。省略主语的句子基本上是在上述结构中去掉主语,
8、例如:stained by mud 已有泥渍slack due to nature of cargo 货物性质致松脱putrefy 腐烂shipped on deck at shippers risk 甲板货托运人自负风险省略谓语的句子基本上是在上述结构中去掉谓语,例如:single bags 单层袋various marks 标志不一second hand cases 旧箱3 大副批注的填写因为大副批注常具有法律效力,所以用词必须仔细推敲,使句子严谨,意义明确,尽量不用没有明确意义的形容词。措辞必须言简意赅,能用一个字决不用两个字。但应注意,所用缩写必须是航运中广泛使用的,不能随手造词及造短
9、语。文字的书写一定要清楚。若有可能尽量打字;若用手写,可用大写字母书写,并用尺或其他工具保证直行书写。 4-2 大副批注例句1 装货作业按托运人要求,作业。rain worksnow work night work at shippers requestfoggy workdrizzle work 2 货物标志因此而造成的任何后果,船方不负责任。Marks mixed Various marks there ofNo mark of the said goodsB/L mixed N/R for any consequence of themMarks off of above mention
10、edMarks unrecognizable of under mentionedMarks incorrect标志船方不负责正确交货。incorrectindistinctinvisibleMarks unrecognizable , N/R for correct and proper delivery. obliteratedinsufficientinadequate3 包装不固对破损、渗漏和内容灭失不负责任。Nails started,Cases Nos. frail,Single bags,Insufficient packing,Insecurely packed, N/R fo
11、r breakage, leakage and loss of contents.Cases with nail holes,Metal-envelope rusty,Bales cover torn, weak cases,4 袋装货2包 并经 (过秤后)重量分别为41kg和43kg。cover torn and patchedresewnbrokenholed and patchedTwo bags loose and refilled weighing 41 & 43 kgs respectively.collectedseam opentornemptied内货因货物性质而wetcak
12、edmeltedmeltingevaporatedThe contents stained due to the nature of cargo.deterioratedcrushedde-moisturedliquefiedsolidized船方不负责任torncover tornburstsplitmouths openthree bags chafed N/R for badly chafedpatchedold & frailcovers old & stainedwith by cargo hooksempty5 箱装货3箱船方对后果不负责任。nails offnails start
13、edbands offbands brokenpanels splitside batten brokenThree cases (with) side boards broken N/R for consequences thereof.boards & battens brokenend battens splitends splitboards stave inbroken at sidebroken at bottom(箱)内容lostbroken intactcrushed contents exposedsmashed unknowndamaged5箱船方对内货的灭失和损坏不负责任
14、broken at cornerbottoms offjammed at the sidecrushedrepaired5 CTNS of second hand N/R for loss of or damage to the contents.insufficiently packedempty half emptynearly emptycontents leaking4只纸箱内容不明。flaps openwrappers tornchafedbadly chafedtorn & dentedFour cts contents ratting, contents unknown.boa
15、rd (plank) bulgedboard (plank) dentedboard patcheddeformedupside down船方不负责内容破损及/或其异常状态。Insufficiently packedCase fragileCovers old & stainedCover moved, N/R for breakage and / or condition of contents.Unsecured coverBilge dentedBottom off6 桶装货(多少桶)船方不负责bung offleaking at plugsoozingholed dented, N/R
16、 forbadly dentedpunctured & leakinglids looserewelded(多少)桶船方不负责内容损失、短少及其状态。bands offhoops offbarrels staves off casks staved broken N/R for loss or shortage & condition of contents.leaking through seamre-cooperedreconditioned全部船方不负责桶漏或桶破以及内容短少。old drumsAll second hand barrels N/R for leakage or brea
17、kage and shortage of contents.re-cooped casks(多少罐、坛)船方不负责由此造成的oozing leaking leakage slightly leaking N/R for consequential weight of contentssprung out condition of contentsdripping3罐(或坛)1罐内容无损,其余2罐内容丢失一半。tops offbottoms offlids off three jars (cans) 1 content O.K., other 2 half gone.bungs offheads
18、 brokencracked7 捆装货船方不负责由于而造成内容的灭失或损坏。bundles off.N/R for loss of or damage to contents caused by bunds off.hoops off.船方不负责由于而造成的短量。band rusted.N/R for shortage of contents caused by bundle slack.bundle transfigured.捆管子装船前bent bundles of pipe ends split before shipment.dented on both ends8 货物溢短在有关货物
19、溢短的批注中,如同一票货分装在两个舱,数字有出入时应分别批注为:第一舱多5包在争议中(5bags over in dispute at No.1 hatch),第二舱少10包在争议中(10 bags over in dispute at No.2 hatch)。不能从以上两个数字中抵消后总共写“少5包在争议中”(5 bags short in dispute),以免在卸货时由于各舱数字不明确而发生不必要的争执。短(溢)装one casethree bagsfive drums short (over) shippedtwo packages7 jars5箱在争议中。shortFive C/S
20、over in dispute.lost3件短少在争议中,如已装船,则到目的港(如数)交货。shortThree pkgs missing in dispute, and if on board to be delivered at destination.Less 2件溢(短)装在争议中,按照港理货数字。Two pkgs over (short) loaded in dispute according to (port) tally figure.由于发货人来不及装船,退关。cargo delayedcargo unpreparedno time, shut out due to shipp
21、ers.Lighter unarrivedcargo unavailable9 由于装卸工人原因造成的货损装卸工人将一捆跌落下水。piece goodsOne bundle of cotton fallen overboard by stevedores.raw silk(多少件)被铲车碰出洞 holed by forklift hands这种情况除在大副收据上批注外,尚须专门写一份事故报告内容应包括船名、跌下水的货名、S/O No.、标志号码、发生在第几舱、事故发生日、时,事故原因,最后交装卸负责人签字。(多少件)(由于)变(湿),船方不负责oilsweatfresh water wet b
22、y sea water, N/R for rainspraysnow10 甲板货及散装货甲板货托运人自负风险。Shipped on deckStowed on deck at shippers risk.Deck Cargo(根据)发货人重量,船方不负责货物重量短少。Shippers weight N/R for loss in weight.(装船)重量据称为公吨。weightsaid to M/TS (received on board).be11 易腐货物(此种货物)易于船方不负责由于货物本性所造成的重量损失。liquefyLiable to melt due to nature of
23、goods, N/R for weight of contents.putrefy易腐烂货物,发货人自负风险。perishable cargo at shippers risk.易腐烂货物,船方不负责货物putrefactionPerishable cargo, N/R for rottennesswithering6箱摔破重钉,内容20%已船方不负责rutrefiedrottenperishedsix C/S cracked and renailed, contents found 20% riped, N/R for witheredspoiledmildewed(多少件)受损,船方不负责
24、货损货差及货物状态。verminmoldering damaged by rats, N/R for loss or shortage & condition.sweatmoisture12 贵重货物贵重货物装船时,应严格检查包装上的封条是否严密完好。如完好无缺可按第1条批注,船方到卸港仅按同样完好封条情况交货,但如装船时已发现封条破裂、脱落情况,则应拒装;如因各种原因非装不可,又来不及换货时,则由发货人当众开箱,重装箱加封严密后方可装船,在此情况下可按第2条或第3条批注。全部箱(贵重物品)封妥,船方不负内容之责。All cases sealed, N/R for contents.1箱(第二
25、号箱)封条脱落,船方不负内容短少之责。One case (No.2) seal off, N/R for shortage.封条船方不负内容短少之责。Seals broken & repairedSeals cracked & resealed, N/R for shortage of contents.Seals off and reattached13 钢材包皮锈蚀/水湿 packing rusty/wet包装锈蚀/水湿partly rusty covers rusty/wet边缘弯曲并锈蚀 edges bent and rusty边缘锈蚀 rusty edge顶片可见锈斑 rust sp
26、ots apparent on top sheets顶片可见一些锈斑some rust spots apparent on top sheets顶片锈蚀 top sheets rusty端部锈蚀 rusty ends钢管水湿 wet steel tubes钢条水湿 wet bars货物锈蚀 goods in rusty condition铁皮包装有锈 rust on metal envelopes托运前受湿 wet before shipment锈斑可见 rust spots apparent锈蚀 rusty锈蚀并有锈疤 rust with pitting一些顶片锈蚀 some top she
27、ets rusty一些端部锈蚀 some rusty ends一些锈斑可见 some rust spots apparent有部分锈迹 partly rust stained有覆雪 covered with snow有锈疤 pitted有锈斑 rust pitted有锈斑 rust stained有锈斑和油斑 rust and oil spotted(数量)钢板rusty.chafed.bent.dented. steel plates deformed.concaved.convexed.edge folded.corner folded.(数量)严重碰弯steel tubes steel
28、pipes badly bentsteel bars一根铸铁管断成两截。cutOne piece iron pipe broken into two pieces.split14 车辆货物自敞车(直接)装船,装船前已(如车辆、机器、钢材等)。wetTaken from open car, rusty before shipment.chafed数量有些deformedchafed lorries (trucks, cars, machine) slightlyscratchedrusty车门把手失灵 door operating handle out of order左门变形 left doo
29、r transfigure (deformed)天线杆弯 rod aerial bent反光镜破 reflection mirror broken左尾灯破裂 left head lamp split右尾灯破裂 right tail light broken发动机罩凹 engine hood dented右前挡板凹 right front mudguard (fender) dented左前挡泥板轻度凸出 left front fender slightly bulged轮胎裂 tire split轮胎无气 tire deflated气门芯遗失 valve pin missing挡风玻璃损坏 w
30、indscreen broken车窗玻璃破损 window pane broken15 动物对(牲畜、动物的)不负责mortalityinjuryN/R for sea sicknesssicknessescape船舶不负责提供兽医horse doctorveterinarianShip N/R for providing farriervetveterinary 4-3 大副批注中的常见术语1 常见的货物包装13bag, bg, bgs 袋bale, B, Bl, B/S, Bl/S 包,捆bar 棒barrel, brl, brls 琵琶桶basket, bkt, bkts 篓,篮bott
31、le, btl, btls 瓶box, Bx, Bxs 木箱(较小)bundle, bdl, bds 捆,扎burlap, Blp, Blps 布包cage, cg, cgs 笼can, cn, cns 罐头carboy, cby, cbys 藤筐瓶cardboard case 纸板箱carton, ctn, ctns 纸箱case, C/-, C/S, CS 木箱(较大)cask, csk, csks 桶(装散装固体货)castwheel 圆块chest, Cst, Csts 木箱(轻型)cloth bag, bg, bgs 布袋coil, cl, cls 盘crate, crt, crts
32、 亮格箱,框箱cylinder 钢瓶demijohn, dmjn, dmjns 柳筐瓶drum, drm, drms 铁桶(装散液货)flask细颈瓶gunny bag, bg, bgs 麻袋head, hd, hds 头hogshead, hghd, hghds 大木桶ingot, igt, igts 铸铁jute cloth 麻布包keg, kg, kgs 桶(装散件货)kraft bag, bg, bgs 牛皮纸袋mat 席包,蒲包matted box, M/Bx, M/Bxs 席包箱package, pkg, pkgs 包件pail 手提桶pair, pr, prs 对paper ba
33、g, bg, bgs 纸袋parcel 包裹pen 围栏piece, pc, pcs 个pig 生铁块pipe管plywood case 夹板箱polyethylene bag, bg, bgs 聚乙烯袋pressed bale, Bl, Bls 机包reel 卷圈roll, rl, rls卷筒sack, sk, sx, skx, sxs布袋set 组sheet, sht, shts 张,片skeleton case, C/-, C/S, CS 明格箱skid 大捆slab 扁块straw bag, bg, bgs 草袋tin 听trunk 提箧(行李等)truss 捆,束tub 桶(装半流质
34、货)tube 管unpacked 裸装veneer case 胶合板箱willow case 柳条箱2 货物的常见损坏bent 弯曲的blinded off 堵死的blocked 堵塞的broken 断损的,破裂的burst 裂开的caked 结块的chapped 龟裂的choked阻塞的clogged 阻塞的collapsed 倒塌的concaved 凹入的convexed 凸起的cracked on the welding脱焊的cracked 龟裂的,爆裂的crashed 碰坏的crusted 生了外皮的,(酒)有沉淀的damaged 损坏的damp 潮湿的decolored 变色的dec
35、opostioned 有分解的defective 有缺欠的deflected 偏斜的deformed 变形的dented凹陷的deteriorated 变质的doubled 双层的eaten 咬损的emptied 空的evaporated 蒸发的exposed 裸露的folded 折叠的fractured 断裂的freezed 结冰的inclined 倾斜的indistinct 不可区别的ineffective 失效的,失灵的inrecognizable 不可识别的invisible 不可见的jammed 卡住的leaked 渗漏的leaked 渗漏的lightened 变轻的liquefie
36、d 液体的loose 松动的lost 遗失的,灭失的melted 溶化的mildewed 发霉的missed 失落的mixed 混合的off 脱落的peeled off 剥落的pitted 点蚀的plugged 堵塞的refilled 重新灌注的reloaded 重新装载的removed 移动过的renailed 重新加钉的renewed 换新了的rent 裂缝的repaired 修理过的resealed 重新封存的resewn 重新缝补的restuffed 重新填装的rifted 裂开的,断裂的rotted away 烂掉的rottened 腐烂的rusted out 锈坏的rusty 锈蚀
37、的scaled off 剥落的,脱落的scratched 擦伤的seized up 失灵的,轧住的short shipped 短装的slack 松的slackened 松动的soaked 浸湿的softened 变软的split 裂开的,裂缝的spoiled 损坏的stained 污染的staved in 穿孔的stopped 堵塞的stuck 咬住的,粘住的sweated 汗湿的torn 撕裂的twisted 扭弯的uncovered 未加盖的unnailed 未钉的unpacked 未加包装的unriped 未成熟的unsealed 未封口的warped 翘起的wet 水湿的withere
38、d 枯萎的worn away 磨蚀的worn down 磨损的3 常见批注 not fixed 没安装上all seals open 全部铅封已开all second hand drums 全部旧桶arrow mark down 箭头倒了ash 面B/L mixed 提单混淆bad order 货物包装不良bad 不良bag cover dirty袋皮有脏渍bags badly chafed 包擦破bags broken and refilled 破包换袋bags broken 包破bags burst 包破裂bags chafed 包擦花bags cover torn 袋撕破bags cov
39、ers old & stained 袋旧并沾污bags empty 袋空bags holed by cargo hooks 包有货钩洞bags leaky 袋子漏损bags loose and collected 散口灌包bags mouths open 包开口bags old & frail 袋旧且不牢bags patched 包已缝补bags re-collected 包已重灌bags refilled 包已重装bags re-sewn 包已缝补bags seam open 包开缝bags split 包撕裂bags torn 袋子破损bags with hook holes 包有手钩洞b
40、ale off 货物散包,散捆bale slack 松包bales cover torn 包皮破损bales discoloured 包装退色bales oil stained 包装油污bales stained 包装污染bands broken 箱箍断脱bands off 箍条脱落barrel leaking at plugs 桶塞处漏barrel lid loose 桶盖松barrel lung off 桶塞脱落barrel oozing 桶渗漏barrel punctured & leaking 桶穿洞并渗漏bent due to nature of cargo 货物性质致弯曲bent
41、弯曲board badly broken 板轻微破损board broken 板体损坏board bulged 板凸起board dented板凹进board slightly broken 板体严重破损board stained by moisture 板体水湿boards & battens broken 板条破裂boards patched 板体经修补boards staved in 板撞破body paint off 车体油漆脱落bottom off 桶底脱落bottoms off 底脱落broken at bottom 底破裂broken at corner 角破裂broken at
42、 side 旁破裂broken into two pieces 断成两截broken 破损bulged due to nature of cargo货物性质致凸起bulged 凸起bumper dented 保险杠瘪bundle loosed 松捆bundle off 散捆bundle slack 松捆bundle transfigured 捆变形burst due to nature of cargo 货物性质致破裂burst 破裂caked due to nature of cargo货物性质致结块caked due to 由于结块caked 结块can slightly leaking 罐微漏car body dented 车体瘪car engine hood dented 车发动机罩凹car left door transfigured 左车门变形car left head lamp split 车头左灯裂car reflection mirror broken 车反光镜破car right front fender dented 车右前挡板凹car right tail light broken 车右尾灯破裂car rod aerial bent 汽车天线杆弯曲car tyre deflated 车轮胎无气