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1、 8B Unit 2 Water我国古代的读书人,从上学之日起,就日诵不辍,一般在几年内就能识记几千个汉字,熟记几百篇文章,写出的诗文也是字斟句酌,琅琅上口,成为满腹经纶的文人。为什么在现代化教学的今天,我们念了十几年书的高中毕业生甚至大学生,竟提起作文就头疼,写不出像样的文章呢?吕叔湘先生早在1978年就尖锐地提出:“中小学语文教学效果差,中学语文毕业生语文水平低,十几年上课总时数是9160课时,语文是2749课时,恰好是30%,十年的时间,二千七百多课时,用来学本国语文,却是大多数不过关,岂非咄咄怪事!”寻根究底,其主要原因就是腹中无物。特别是写议论文,初中水平以上的学生都知道议论文的“三
2、要素”是论点、论据、论证,也通晓议论文的基本结构:提出问题分析问题解决问题,但真正动起笔来就犯难了。知道“是这样”,就是讲不出“为什么”。根本原因还是无“米”下“锅”。于是便翻开作文集锦之类的书大段抄起来,抄人家的名言警句,抄人家的事例,不参考作文书就很难写出像样的文章。所以,词汇贫乏、内容空洞、千篇一律便成了中学生作文的通病。要解决这个问题,不能单在布局谋篇等写作技方面下功夫,必须认识到“死记硬背”的重要性,让学生积累足够的“米”。 P15要练说，得练听。听是说的前提，听得准确，才有条件正确模仿，才能不断地掌握高一级水平的语言。我在教学中，注意听说结合，训练幼儿听的能力，课堂上，我特别重视教
3、师的语言，我对幼儿说话，注意声音清楚，高低起伏，抑扬有致，富有吸引力，这样能引起幼儿的注意。当我发现有的幼儿不专心听别人发言时，就随时表扬那些静听的幼儿，或是让他重复别人说过的内容，抓住教育时机，要求他们专心听，用心记。平时我还通过各种趣味活动，培养幼儿边听边记，边听边想，边听边说的能力，如听词对词，听词句说意思，听句子辩正误，听故事讲述故事，听谜语猜谜底，听智力故事，动脑筋，出主意，听儿歌上句，接儿歌下句等，这样幼儿学得生动活泼，轻松愉快，既训练了听的能力，强化了记忆，又发展了思维，为说打下了基础。 1.use v. 使用 use sth. to do =use sth. for doing
4、 用某物来做某事要练说，先练胆。说话胆小是幼儿语言发展的障碍。不少幼儿当众说话时显得胆怯：有的结巴重复，面红耳赤；有的声音极低，自讲自听；有的低头不语，扯衣服，扭身子。总之，说话时外部表现不自然。我抓住练胆这个关键，面向全体，偏向差生。一是和幼儿建立和谐的语言交流关系。每当和幼儿讲话时，我总是笑脸相迎，声音亲切，动作亲昵，消除幼儿畏惧心理，让他能主动的、无拘无束地和我交谈。二是注重培养幼儿敢于当众说话的习惯。或在课堂教学中，改变过去老师讲学生听的传统的教学模式，取消了先举手后发言的约束，多采取自由讨论和谈话的形式，给每个幼儿较多的当众说话的机会，培养幼儿爱说话敢说话的兴趣，对一些说话有困难的幼
5、儿，我总是认真地耐心地听，热情地帮助和鼓励他把话说完、说好，增强其说话的勇气和把话说好的信心。三是要提明确的说话要求，在说话训练中不断提高，我要求每个幼儿在说话时要仪态大方，口齿清楚，声音响亮，学会用眼神。对说得好的幼儿，即使是某一方面，我都抓住教育，提出表扬，并要其他幼儿模仿。长期坚持，不断训练，幼儿说话胆量也在不断提高。 be used to do =be used for doing 被用来做某事be used to doing 习惯于做某事used to do sth. =often did sth. 过去常常做某事useful a. 有用的 be useful to 对有用usele
6、ss a. 无用的P161.valuable a. 有价值的；宝贵的 =precious-more valuable-most valuable value n. 价值2.gold n. 黄金；金子 gold coin 金币 goldfish 金鱼golden a. 金（黄）色的；美好的 golden ages 黄金时代3. litre n. 升 two litres of water 二升水 millilitre n. 毫升4. day n. -daily a. 每天的；=everyday adv. 每天 =every day5.exercise v. 锻炼 exercise regular
7、ly 有规律地锻炼 exercise n. 1)exercise泛指“锻炼”时，做不可数名词，如：take exercise 锻炼身体 take more exercise多锻炼 2)exercise表示“体操”或“练习（题）”时是可数名词，要用复数形式。如： do morning exercises 做早操，do eye exercises 做眼保健操 do English exercises 做英语练习6. amount n. 量；数量 the amount of water 水的数量 a huge amount of或huge amounts of +不可数名词：大量的a large n
8、umber of +可数名词： 大量的7. increase v. 增加；增多 -decrease v. 减少；减小 increase by 50 增加了508. remain v. 保持；留下 =keep9. freeze v. 使结冰-froze-frozen frozen a. 冷藏的；结冰的；惊呆的 frozen ground 结冰的地面 frozen food 冷冻食品freezing a. 严寒的；极冷的 in freezing weather 在极冷的天气里10. become v. -became-become 变得+adj. become happy become even
9、happier11. liquid n. 液体 solid n. 固体 gas n. 气体 harmful gases 有害的气体12. a half或one half 二分之一 a quarter 四分之一 one-third 三分之一 two-thirds13. cover v. 覆盖；涉及 n. 封面 be covered with v. 被覆盖 be covered with snow 14.chemical a. 化学的 a chemical change 一个化学变化 n. 化学物质；化学品 many chemicals 许多化学品 produce a chemical 产生一种
10、chemistry n. 化学 be good at chemistry 擅长化学 a chemistry book/ teacher/ lesson chemist n. 药剂师；化学家15. symbol n. =mark; sign 符号；象征；标志 the chemical symbol for water 水的化学符号16. putin the correct order v. 把按正确的顺序排列17. flow v. -flowed-flowed 流；流动 flow into the sea 流入大海 stream n. 小溪18. rise vi. rose risen (不及物
11、动词，后面不可以跟名词。后面跟名词的用及物动词：raise) rise =go up 上升 =stand up 起立 =get up 起床19. raise v. raised raised 提高；升高；养育；筹集 raise money for the SPCA 为爱护动物协会筹钱 raise your hand举起你的手= put up your hand raise your voice 提高你的声音20. fall v.-fell-fallen 跌倒；落下 n. 秋天 fall asleep 入睡21. feel v. -felt-felt 感觉 feel sleepy 感到困22.
12、cloud n. 云clouds pl. -cloudy adj. 多云的；阴天的23. talk to me/ him =talk with me/ him 跟我/ 他谈话24. 对表示天气的形容词划线用：Whats the weather like? 或 How is the weather? 提问。P171. Daisy黛西(女名) daisy n. 雏菊2. brush (ones) teeth v. 刷牙-brushes brush her teeth brush your teeth 3.turn on the tap v. 打开水龙头- turn off the tap 关掉水龙
13、头turn up v. 调高；调响-turn down v. 调低；调轻4. be on v. 开着的；上演；亮着的 The tap is on. 水龙头开着；水龙头是开着的5. pour v. 倒；涌出 washbasin n. 洗脸盆 pour into the washbasin 涌进脸盆6. vanish v. 突然消失 = disappear; go away suddenly appear v. 出现7. drain n. : a pipe or tube to let waste water flow away 下水道8. vanish down the drain v. 顺着下
14、水道消失不见了9. voice n. 嗓音；说话声；语态 passive voice 被动语态 noise n. 噪音 sound n. 声音10. say loudly v. =say in a loud voice 大声地说 say in a low voice =whisper 低声说11. freeze v. 惊呆(在本课中的意思) froze frozen Daisy froze. 黛西惊呆住了。12. look around v. 环顾四周13. saw no one =saw nobody =didnt see anyone 没有看到任何人14. waste v. 浪费 n. 废
15、品 waste time doing sth. 浪费时间做某事What a waste of time! 多浪费时间呀！15. sound v. 听起来(连系动词+形容词) 还有：look; smell; taste; feel; turn; get; become; grow16. impatient a. :angry at having to wait 不耐烦的-patient a. 耐心的；病人 类似变化的还有：polite a. 有礼貌的-impolite 无礼的politely adv. 17. sound impatient v. 听起来不耐烦18.obey v. 服从；遵守 o
16、bey the rules 遵守规则=keep=follow obey orders 服从命令 disobey v. 违反；不服从19. faint a. (光、声、味) 微弱的 a faint sound 微弱的声音 a faint smell 淡淡的气味 反义词：strong 20. drop v.-dropped-dropped 落下；降低 n. 滴 a drop of water 一滴水21. It is +adj. + (for sb.) +to do sth. （对某人来说）做某事是怎样的 e.g. It is important for us to learn English w
17、ell. 对我们来说，学好英语是重要的。 Its necessary to plant trees every year. 每年种树是必要的。 Its not easy for me to get here. 我到达这里不容易。(get to =arrive in大/ at =reach)22. It is + adj. + of sb.+ to do sth. 若结构中的形容词是指不定式逻辑主语的特征、品质、能力的，形容词后的介词就用“of”e.g. Its kind/ nice/ friendly of you to say so. Its clever of you to work ou
18、t the maths problem. Its polite of you to wait in line. 23. Do you know where Im from? （宾语从句中从句要用陈述句的语序。即：wh-词+sb.+动词+其它） e.g. Could you tell me what your name is? Do you know which is the way to the nearest post office?你知道哪一条是去最近邮局的路吗？ I wonder whats the matter with you. 我想知道你怎么了。 Do you know whats
19、 wrong with her? 你知道她怎么了吗？24. I suppose =I think 我认为25. float v. 漂浮-floating a. 浮动的 a floating restaurant n. 水上餐厅 floatfloated-floated26. comfort n./ v. 安慰；（使）舒适 -comfortable a. -comfortably adv. float comfortably in a cloud v. 舒服地漂浮在一朵云里27. view n. 景色；风景；视野；观点 enjoy the view v. 欣赏风景 night views n.
20、夜景 in my view 依我看 come into view .v. 映入眼帘28. dropinto v. 把扔到；把抛入 drop me into a stream v. 把我抛入一条小溪里29. speed v. -sped-sped 加快；飞跑 =move quickly; drive fast speed down the mountain v. 顺着山坡快速滑落run at a speed of 以的速度行驶30. the Yangtze River n. 长江 ( 江、河、海前面要加定冠词the ) e.g. the Huangpu River e.g. The Yangtz
21、e River is the third longest river in the world. 第三大河31. carryto v. 把带（送，搬，运）到 take v. 拿去；带走 bring v. 拿来；带来32. relax v. （使）轻松/ 放松；减轻 -relaxed a. (感到)轻松的；自在的-relaxing a. 令人轻松的 feel relaxed make us relaxed get relaxed33. a few +可数：一些 few+可数：很少；不多；几乎没有 a little+不可数：一些 little+不可数：很少；不多；几乎没有34. It is tim
22、e to do sth. =It is time for sth. 是该做某事的时候了。e.g. Its time to go to shool. =Its time for school. 该上学了。 Its time to have lunch. =Its time for lunch. 该吃午饭了。 Its time to have a class. =Its time for class. 该上课了。35. clean up v. 净化；弄干净 36. get cleaned up v. 被净化37. puzzle v. 使迷惑；使困惑-puzzled a. 感到困惑的-puzzlin
23、g a. 令人困惑的 e.g. Her voice sounded puzzled. 她的声音听起来很困惑。 n. 智力玩具 do puzzles v. 拼拼图；玩智力玩具38. journey n.-journeys pl. 路程；旅程39. treatment n. (净化或防治) 处理加工-treat v. 款待；对待；请客；治疗 trick or treat 不给糖就捣蛋 trick：恶作剧、捣乱40. works n. =factory =plant 工厂41. a water treatment works n. 水处理厂；自来水厂42. take sb. to sp. v. 把某
24、人带到某地 (take him home take me here 省略to )43. thorough a. =complete 完全的；彻底的-thoroughly adv.= completely adv. 彻底地44. clean v./ a. -cleaning n. 打扫；清洁 -cleaner n. 清洁工45. give me a thorough cleaning 给我一个彻底的清洁 give v.-gave-given46. a few chemicals n. 一些化学品/物质 chemical a. 化学的 a chemical change 一个化学变化47. add
25、 sth. to v. 在某物中加入48. pipe n. 管子；管道 travel in the pipes under the streets 流入街道下面的水管里49. wait v. waiter n.waitress(es) wait for sb./ sth. 等待某人/某物 wait at sp. 在某地等50. the end of your journey n. 你旅游的终点51. finish with sth. v. 完成；用完 finish with the book 看完这本书 finish with the water 用完水 finish doing sth. 做
26、完某事52. sewage n. 污水；污物 a sewage plant n. 污水处理厂53. pump v. ：push by machine 用泵输送 pump me into the river 把我抽到河里54. be back to sp. =come/ go back to sp. =return to sp. 回到某地55. Thats where I came from in the first place. 我最初就是从那里来的； 那就是我最初过来的地方。56. remember (not) to do sth. 记得/ 记住（不）要做某事 remember doing
27、sth. 记得做过某事；记得做某事的情形57. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 forgotforgot/ forgotten forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事-forgetful a. 健忘的-unforgettable a. 难忘的 58. precious a. 宝贵的= valuable -more precious-most precious as precious as 像.一样宝贵59. like liquid gold 像液体的黄金一样60. mean by 意思是 What do you mean by liquid gold? 你说的“液体
28、黄金”是什么意思？ What do you mean by saying that? 你那样说是什么意思？61. reply n./ v. 回答；答复 =answer answer my letter =reply to my letter 回我的信62. be gone v. 走了；不见了；离开了 had gone 是过去完成时，由：had+ done构成，表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成，即：过去的过去63. come out of sp. 从某地出来64. run out of sp. 从某地跑出来P181. mean v. meantmeantmeaning n. 意
29、思-meaningful a. 有意义的-meaningless a. 无意义的2. surprise n. 惊奇；惊喜 v. 使惊讶-surprised a. 感到惊讶的-surprising a. 惊人的；令人惊讶的3. look后没有介词后+adj. look happy look surprised look后有介词后+副词 e.g. look at me angrily/ look happily at him4. stop doing sth. =give up doing sth. 停止做某事（不做了） stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事（要做的）5. be able
30、 to do 能够做某事=can do sth. be unable to do sth. 不能做某事P191. complete v. 完成=finish adj. =thorough 完全的；彻底的 completely adv.P201. a little =not much 2. a few= not manyP211. do some shopping =buy some things 买些东西 belong to him 属于他 The book belongs to Mary =The book is Marys. 这本书是玛丽的。 否定句：The book doesnt bel
31、ong to Mary. =The book isnt Marys.2. want to know= wonder v. 想知道3. She wants to know what to buy.= She wants to know what she should / will buy. 她不知道该买些什么。（wh-词+ to do =wh-词+ sb. will/ should/ can do ）4. too many+可数：太多 too few+可数：太少 too much+ 不可数：太多 too little+ 不可数：太少 much too+形容词：太怎么样 much too fat
32、太胖P221. fry v. 油煎；油炸fried adj. 油煎的 prawn(s) n. 对虾2. recipe n. 食谱；配方 ingredient n. 原料3. an onion 一个洋葱 3 red peppers 三个红辣椒 4. 5 mushrooms 5个蘑菇5. salt n. 盐-salty a. 咸的6. much sugar n. 许多白糖7. tomato sauce 番茄酱 8. cooking oil n. 烹饪油9. be similar to sth. 与某物相似10. gram n. 克-kilogram n. 千克11. need sth. 需要某物
33、dont need +n. 不需要某物12. need to do sth. 需要做某事 dont need to do =dont have to do= neednt do 不需要做P231. a one-yuan coin n. 一枚一元的硬币 a one-eyed dog a one-way street 一条单行街2. give him a coin =give a coin to him 给他一枚硬币 givegave-given3. pocket money 零花钱4. rather adv. =very =quite 相当 would rather do 宁愿做 would r
34、ather not do sth. 宁愿不做5. suddenly adv. =all of a sudden 突然地6. start to do sth. / start doing sth. 开始做某事 start =begin at the beginning of在的开始7. agree with sb. 同意某人P241. be glad to do sth. 很高兴做某事 e.g. Im glad to hear that.P25261. the use of water n. 水的用途 use n. 用途2. be in charge of =take charge of =be
35、 responsible for 负责；掌管3. present n. 礼物； 现在 v. 出席-represent v. 代表=stand for4. ordinary a. 普通的 =usual =common5. own v. 拥有owner n. 主人6. manage v. =run 管理 -manager n. 经理7. explain v. 解释；说明-explanation n. 8. drink v.drankdrunk 喝 drinking water 饮用水 drinkable a. 可以饮用的9. manufacture v. 制造；大量生产-manufacturing
36、 n. 制造业；工业10. equipment n. 设备；装备；器材 11. tool n. 工具12. need water for washing =need water to wash v. 需要水來洗13. save water by (not) doing sth. 通过（不）做某事来节水14. total a. 全部的；总计的15. step by step adv 一步步地；循序渐进地 （用how 提问）16. write v. -wrote-written -writer n. 作者；作家17. do it alone do it by yourself v. 独自完成 a
37、lonely old man 一个孤独的老人18. imagine v. 想象 imagine doing sth. 想象做某事19. your twenty-fifth birthday n. 你25岁的生日P271. information n. 信息（不可数） some information a piece of information e.g. What important information weve got!2. that is to say 那就是说 say v.said-said3. most of the water on the earth n. 地球上大多数的水 4
38、. drinkable a. 可以饮用的；可以喝的 e.g. Polluted water is not drinkable. 被污染了的水是不能喝的。5. human beings n. 人类 =people6. right now adv. =right away =at once =immediately 立刻；马上7. for example 例如 （后跟句子）8. paint n. 油漆 v. 漆；粉刷 -painter n. 画家；油漆匠-painting n. 绘画；油画9. seep v. 渗透 seepedseeped10. earth n. 地球；泥土11. drinkin
39、g water n. 饮用水 e.g. Drinking water is for drinking.12. leak n. 泄漏出的液体13. fill v. 装满-filled a. 装满的-full a. 满的14. be filled with sth. v. =be full of sth. 装满/充满了某物 （当表示挤满时还 =be crowded with）15. in 15 minutes prep. 在15钟后 (How soon 提问)16. leave the water running v. 让水流淌着 leave v. leftleft17. may aux.migh
40、t 可能18. wash the dishes v. 洗盘子19. believe it or not 信不信由你20. flush v. 冲洗21. take a shower =have a shower v. 淋浴22. at least 至少 =no less than at most 最多 =no more than 23. almost =nearly 几乎 almost not =hardly 几乎不24. even+ 比较级 even happier 更加快乐25. in groups of four 四人一组26. get clean more easily 更容易洗/变干净
41、27. wash them under water 在流动的水下洗28. prefer A to B =like A better than B 比起B来更喜欢A29. prefer v. preferred 30. prefer to do sth. =would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事；偏爱做某事31. prefer doing A to doing B e.g. prefer running to swimming 比起游泳来更喜欢跑步32. It doesnt matter. 没关系。33. a dripping tap n. 一个滴水的龙头34. cost v. -
42、costcost 值；花费 cost 物花钱 e.g. The book cost me 25 Yuan. pay 人花钱 ( paid-paid ) I paid 25 Yuan for the book. 我花了25元买这本书。spend人花钱 ( spentspent ) I spent 25 Yuan on the book.take 物/事花时 (tooktaken) It took me two hours to do my homework.35. spend还可以用于花时间做某事 ：spend time (in) doing sth.或spend time on sth. e.g. It took me two hours to do my homework. =I spent two hours doing my homework. 我花了两小时做功课。36. A: Im sorry. B: Thats all right. / It doesnt matter. / Never mind. / Thats all right.第 4 页