1、2022年考博英语-江西师范大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题In todays medical, little agreement exists on the _ for defining mental illness.问题1选项A.legislationB.requirementC.criteriaD.measures【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. legislation 立法，法律 B. requirement 要求，必要条件C. criteria 判断标准 D. measures 措施，方法【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】由defining mental il
2、lness（定义精神疾病）和agreement（意见）可知，“判断标准”符合句子意思。因此，该题选择C项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项都不符合句意。【句意】在今天的医学中，关于定义精神疾病的标准几乎没有一致的意见。2. 单选题The leader went his own way in _ of the public opinion, which aroused great anger among the people.问题1选项A.defianceB.reflectionC.obedienceD.upgrade【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. defiance 违抗，反抗 B. ref
3、lection 反映C. obedience 顺从，服从 D. upgrade 升级，提高【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】由went his own way（一意孤行）和aroused great anger（引起了极大愤怒）可知，空格部分表示“违抗民意”，且in defiance of为固定搭配，表示“不顾，无视”。因此，该题选择A项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项都不符合句意。【句意】领袖不顾民意，一意孤行，引起了人民的极大愤怒。3. 单选题Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with o
4、ne another and to determine where we “fit” in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, w
5、hether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader, and so on.The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter and change throughout life. Most of us can, at very high speed, assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consists
6、 of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more diffic
7、ult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly.A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits the buyer choose style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among the clothi
8、ng presented by fit, as well as by our pocketbook. Having made a choice from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores choice among them is limited.41. In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us _.42. According to the writer, people often assume different
9、 statuses _.43. The word “appraisal” most probably means _.44. According to the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun “it” refers to “_”.45. By saying that “an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince”, the writer means _.问题1选项A.determine
10、 whether a person is fit for a certain jobB.behave appropriately in relation to other peopleC.protect ourselves in unfamiliar situationsD.make friends with other people问题2选项A.in order to identify themselves with othersB.in order to better identify othersC.as their mental processes changeD.as the sit
11、uation changes问题3选项A.involvementB.appreciationC.assessmentD.presentation问题4选项A.fitting our actions to those of other people appropriatelyB.identification of other peoples statusesC.selecting ones own statusesD.constant mental process问题5选项A.different people have different styles of clothesB.ready-mad
12、e clothes may need alterationsC.statuses come ready made just like clothesD.our choice of statuses is limited【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】41.【选项释义】41. In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us _. 41. 在第一段，作者告诉我们，身份可以帮助我们_。A. determine whether a person is fit for a cer
13、tain job A. 确定一个人是否适合某一份工作B. behave appropriately in relation to other people B. 在与他人的关系中举止得体C. protect ourselves in unfamiliar situations C. 在不熟悉的情况下保护自己D. make friends with other people D. 与他人交朋友【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段，第一段的段意是：身份是人类奇妙的发明，它使我们能够彼此相处（get along with one another），帮助人们确定在社会中所“适合”的位
14、置。日常生活中，我们头脑里经常根据别人的身份试着判断别人。例如，我们必须判断图书馆的这个人是读者，还是图书馆管理人员，打来电话的人是朋友还是推销商。登门拜访的不速之客是小偷还是抄表工等等。从中我们可以看出，身份可以帮助我们做出判断，无论是对自己还是对他人的身份，所以身份可以帮助我们在与人交往中做出恰当的行为。B项符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“确定一个人是否适合某一份工作”是确定身份，而不是适合的工作，属于曲解原文；C选项“在不熟悉的情况下保护自己”没提到，无中生有；D选项“与他人交朋友”并不全面，以偏概全。42.【选项释义】42. According to the writer, peopl
15、e often assume different statuses _. 42. 根据作者的观点，人们通常会假设不同的身份，_。A. in order to identify themselves with others A. 以与他人认同B. in order to better identify others B. 为了更好地识别他人C. as their mental processes change C. 随着心理过程的变化D. as the situation changes D. 随着情形的变化【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“我们所假定的身份常常随着我们遇到的人
16、的不同而变化，并且在一生中不断变化”，综合理解可推断，我们的身份是随着情形场合的变化而有所不同，所以D项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“以与他人认同”没提到，无中生有；B选项“为了更好地识别他人”中的others应该改为status，该项曲解原文；C选项“随着心理过程的变化”是“我们的行为符合他人的行为”的基准，与题干无关，张冠李戴。43.【选项释义】43. The word “appraisal” most probably means _. 43. appraisal这个词的意思很可能是_。A. involvement A. 参与B. appreciation B. 欣赏C. assessme
17、nt C. 评估D. presentation D. 展示【考查点】词义推测题。【解题思路】根据appraisal定位至第二段倒数第二句“这意味着，我们的行为符合他人的行为，这是基于一个持续的appraisal和解释的心理过程”，从a constant mental process（一个持续的心理过程）可推测，这里涉及到一个动脑的过程，而在做出interpretation（解释，阐述）之前自然需要评价或鉴定的环节，所以选择项assessment应该是最为接近的词义，C项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“参与”、B选项“欣赏”、D选项“展示”曲解原文。44.【选项释义】44. According to
18、 the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun “it” refers to “_”. 44. 根据第二段最后一句，代词“it”指的是“_”。A. fitting our actions to those of other people appropriately A. 使我们的行为与他人的行为相适应B. identification of other peoples statuses B. 对他人身份的认同C. selecting ones own statuses C. 选择自己的身份D. constant mental pr
19、ocess D. 持续的心理过程【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第二段最后一句“尽管有些人觉得这个任务（task）比其他人更难，但大多数人都毫不费力地完成了它（it）”，可知it指代的是前面的task，而根据上一句“这意味着，我们的行为符合他人的行为（that we fit our actions to those of other people），这是基于一个持续的评估和解释的心理过程”，可看出task指的是上一句中的that we fit our actions to those of other people（我们的行为符合他人的行为）。因此，A项正确。【干扰项排除】B选
20、项“对他人身份的认同”、C选项“选择自己的身份”、D选项“持续的心理过程”都指代错误，曲解原文。45.【选项释义】45. By saying that “an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince”, the writer means _. 45. 作者说“美国人不能自由选择中国农民或印度王子的服装”，意思是_。A. different people have different styles of clothes A. 不同的人有不同风格的衣服B. r
21、eady-made clothes may need alterations B. 现成的衣服可能需要修改C. statuses come ready made just like clothes C. 身份就像衣服一样是现成的D. our choice of statuses is limited D. 我们对身份的选择是有限的【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至文章最后一段第二句“但是，美国人并不能自由选择中国农民或印度王子的服装”，根据第一句“身份被比作现成的衣服”，以及最后一句“在做了一些小的调整后，我们往往被限制在商店的选择是有限的”，可知，身份就像衣服一样，可以选择合适
22、的衣服的商店是有限的，那么综合理解，“美国人不能自由选择中国农民或印度王子的服装”是说明身份的选择是受限制的。因此，该题选择D项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“不同的人有不同风格的衣服”和B选项“现成的衣服可能需要修改”中的衣服在文中只是一个比喻，该两项曲解原文；C选项“身份就像衣服一样是现成的”不符合原文，曲解原文。4. 单选题After-sales service and guarantee become an integral and essential part of a “good brand” on both local and regional levels, and the pro
23、vision of such also produced solid ground for customer loyalty.Customers today are a lot more demanding than before. Being able to find after-sales service creates a feeling of convenience and a sense of responsibility from the manufacturer. This is very important to build customer loyalty and expla
24、ins why more 24-hours hotline centers are available nowadays. Product guarantee is also one of the major factors when a potential customer decides to make a purchase. Whether this be in the form of a written guarantee or a guarantee based on reputation, the importance to the consumer is self-evident
25、A brands research and development, an unavoidable investment, usually back up safety guarantees for marketers nowadays. Product testing and refinement are conducted for both new and existing products. With the help of computerized machinery, quality control has achieved the highest level than ever
26、before to enable consistency in production. For the consumer this means a quality of guarantee for that brand whether it be available at home or abroad.11. After-sales service and guarantee can produce _.12. More 24-hour hotline centers appear because _.13. Product guarantee _.14. Product testing an
27、d refinement are conducted for _.15. Which is NOT mentioned concerning product guarantee?问题1选项A.solid ground for customer loyaltyB.a sense of responsibilityC.a feeling of convenienceD.a sense of satisfaction问题2选项A.more and more customers demand after-sales servicesB.there are more and more complaint
28、s from customersC.more companies come to realize the importance of after-sales serviceD.they have become a new type of investment问题3选项A.must be in written formB.can be based on the companys reputationC.is not often provided by the companiesD.often fails to meet in reality问题4选项A.new products onlyB.qu
29、ality productsC.dangerous productsD.both new and existing products问题5选项A.A brands research and development.B.Product testing and refinement.C.Quality control.D.Product distribution.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】11. 【选项释义】After-sales service and guarantee can produce _. 售后服务和产品保证可以产生_。A. solid gro
30、und for customer loyalty A. 客户忠诚度的坚实基础B. a sense of responsibility B. 责任感C. a feeling of convenience C. 一种便利的感觉D. a sense of satisfaction D. 满足感【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词After-sales service and guarantee和produce定位到原文第一段。该段提到“售后服务和产品保证（After-sales service and guarantee）成为一个好品牌在地方和地区层面上不可或缺的组成部分，这也为客户忠诚度
31、提供了坚实的基础（produced solid ground for customer loyalty）。”实际上，第二段前半段写售后服务的重要性，后半段写产品保证的重要性。综上所述，A选项“客户忠诚度的坚实基础”最符合原文。【干扰项排除】B选项“责任感”，可定位到原文第二段第二句，该句提到“能够找到售后服务（Being able to find after-sales service），创造了一种便利的感觉，并且体现了制造商的责任感（a sense of responsibility）。”由此可知，产生“制造商的责任感”的是“能够找到售后服务”，并没有包括“产品保证”，该选项属于以偏概全；C
32、选项“一种便利的感觉”，可定位到原文第二段第二句，该句提到“能够找到售后服务（Being able to find after-sales service），创造了一种便利的感觉（a feeling of convenience）和制造商的责任感。”由此可知，产生“便利的感觉”的是“能够找到售后服务”，并没有包括“产品保证”，该选项属于以偏概全；D选项“满足感”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有。12. 【选项释义】More 24-hour hotline centers appear because _. 更多的24小时热线中心出现是因为_。A. more and more customer
33、s demand after-sales services A. 越来越多的客户要求售后服务B. there are more and more complaints from customers B. 客户的抱怨越来越多了C. more companies come to realize the importance of after-sales service C. 越来越多的公司开始意识到售后服务的重要性D. they have become a new type of investment D. 他们已经成为一种新的投资方式【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】根据题干关键词24-hour
34、hotline和because定位到原文第二段第三句，该句提到“这（This）对建立客户忠诚度非常重要，也解释了为什么现在有更多的24小时热线中心可使用。”“这（This）”指代的是前文提到的“现在的客户比以前要求更高了。能够找到售后服务，创造了一种便利的感觉和制造商的责任感。”其中，后者是“售后服务的重要性”。由此推断，之所以越来越多的公司设立24小时服务热线，是因为他们意识到售后服务可以给现在要求越来越高的客户带来一种便利的感觉，并且让他们感受到公司的责任感。因此，C选项“越来越多的公司开始意识到售后服务的重要性”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“越来越多的客户要求售后服务”，原文虽然提到了
35、现在的客户要求更高了，但并没有提到他们的要求是售后服务，也没有提到提要求的客户更多了，该选项属于过度推理；B选项“客户的抱怨越来越多了”，原文只是提到客户的要求更高了，但这并不意味着客户的抱怨更多了，该选项属于推理过度；D选项“他们已经成为一种新的投资方式”，investment可以定位到原文第三段第一句，该句提到“品牌的研发（A brands research and development）是一项不可避免的投资。”由此可知，原文提到的“投资”是“产品研发”，而不是“售后服务和保障”；并且原文并未提到“售后服务和保障”是“一种新的投资方式”，该选项属于无中生有。13. 【选项释义】Produ
36、ct guarantee _. 产品保证_。A. must be in written form A. 必须是书面形式的B. can be based on the companys reputation B. 可以建立在公司的信誉上C. is not often provided by the companies C. 公司经常不提供D. often fails to meet in reality D. 现实中经常无法实现【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词Product guarantee定位到原文第二段第四、五句。这两句提到“当潜在客户决定购买时，产品保证也是一个主要因素。无
37、论是书面担保（Whether this be in the form of a written guarantee）还是基于信誉的担保（or a guarantee based on reputation），对消费者的重要性不言而喻。”由此可知，产品保证可以是书面的，也可以是基于公司的信誉的。因此，B选项“可以建立在公司的信誉上”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“必须是书面形式的”，不符合原文，原文提到书面形式的以及基于公司信誉的产品保证都是可以的，该选项属于曲解原文；C选项“公司经常不提供”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“现实中经常无法实现”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有。14
38、 【选项释义】Product testing and refinement are conducted for _. 进行产品测试和改进是为了_进行的。A. new products only A. 只（为了）新产品B. quality products B. 有质量的产品C. dangerous products C. 危险的产品D. both new and existing products D. 新的产品和现有的产品【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词Product testing and refinement定位到原文第三段第二句。该句提到“对新产品和现有产品（for b
39、oth new and existing products）进行产品测试和改进（Product testing and refinement are conducted）。”由此可知，D选项“新的产品和现有的产品”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“只（为了）新产品”，不符合原文，原文提到“对新的产品和现有的产品都进行产品测试和改进”，该选项属于以偏概全；B选项“有质量的产品”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“危险的产品”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有。15. 【选项释义】Which is NOT mentioned concerning product guarantee? 关于产
40、品保证，哪一项没有提及？A. A brands research and development. A. 一个品牌的研究和发展B. Product testing and refinement. B. 产品测试和改进C. Quality control. C. 质量控制D. Product distribution. D. 产品分销【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词NOT mentioned和product guarantee可知，该题要求选择的是关于产品控制，原文没有提到的一项。D选项“产品分销”原文并未提及，符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“一个品牌的研发”，可定位到原文第三段第
41、一句，该句提到“品牌的研发（A brands research and development）是一项不可避免的投资，是当今市场营销人员的安全保证（safety guarantees）。”由此可知，品牌的研发，对于市场营销人员来说就是产品的保证。该选项原文有提及，不符合题意，属于反向干扰；B选项“产品测试和改进”，可定位到原文第三段第二句和最后一句，这两句提到“对新产品和现有产品进行产品测试和改进（Product testing and refinement）”，“对消费者来说，这意味着该品牌的质量保证（a quality of guarantee for that brand）”。由此可知，
42、该选项原文有提及，不符合题意，属于反向干扰；C选项“质量控制”，可定位到原文第三段第三、四句。这两句提到“在计算机机械的帮助下，质量控制（quality control）达到了前所未有的高水平”，“对消费者来说，这意味着该品牌的质量保证（a quality of guarantee for that brand）”。由此可知，该选项原文有提及，不符合题意，属于反向干扰。5. 单选题More _ than not, Dad is the last one to speak.问题1选项A.alwaysB.oftenC.frequentD.so【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. always 总是
43、B. often 经常C. frequent 频繁的 D. so 这样【考查点】固定搭配【解题思路】根据前后有More _ than not推断，本题考查的是固定搭配more often than not“通常；往往”，因此，B选项often“经常”符合搭配要求。另外as often as not也表示“通常；往往”。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原文搭配。【句意】父亲通常是最后一个讲话的。6. 单选题_ the bad weather has delayed the flight, so it would be several hours before they could arrive
44、问题1选项A.PresumablyB.RespectivelyC.ImaginablyD.Plausibly【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. Presumably 大概 B. Respectively 分别地，各自地C. Imaginably 可想象地 D. Plausibly 似真地【考查点】副词辨析。【解题思路】由结果状语从句中的would be可知，这里表示推测，所以空格处填入presumably符合语境。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项都不表示推测，不符合句意。【句意】大概是恶劣的天气延误了航班，所以他们要等好几个小时才能到达。7. 单选题Analysts have had their
45、 go at humor, and I have read some of this interpretative literature, but without being greatly instructed. Humor can be dissected, as a frog can, but the thing dies in the process and the innards (肠胃) are discouraging to any but the pure scientific mind.In a newsreel theatre the other day I saw a p
46、icture of a man who had developed the soap bubble to a higher point than it had ever before reached. He had become the ace soap bubble blower of America, had perfected the business of blowing bubbles, refined it, doubled it, squared it, and had even worked himself up into a convenient lather. The effect was not pretty. Some of the bubbles were too big to be beautiful, and the blower was always jumping into them or out of them, or playing some sort of unattractive trick with them. It was, if anything, a rather repulsive sight. Humor is a little like that: it won
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