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1、Unit 3 Under the sea动词ing形式所表示的动作是一个被动动作时，要用动词ing的被动形式。包括其一般形式和完成形式。一、动词ing被动形式的构成形式用法一般式being done被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生完成式having been done被动的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前Having been invited，Mr.Li went there to give a speech though he was busy.李先生受邀去那儿作演讲，尽管很忙，但他还是去了。二、动词ing被动形式的用法动词ing形式的被动式在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语
2、、补足语、状语。She insisted on being given the hardest work.(作宾语)她坚持被派给最艰苦的工作。Youll find the topic being discussed everywhere.(作宾语补足语)你会听到到处都在讨论这个话题。Not being allowed to go out makes him very angry.(作主语)不让他出去，他非常生气。Having been told many times，he still repeated the same mistakes.(作状语)被告知多次了，他仍然犯同样的错误。The mu
3、seum being repaired will be reopened to visitors next year.(作定语)正在维修的博物馆将从明年开始接待客人。三、动词ing形式的几种特殊用法1. 在deserve，need，require，want等词之后，总是用动词ing的主动形式表达被动意义，相当于to be过去分词。The radio needs repairing.The radio needs to be repaired.这台收音机需要修理了。2. be worth后也常跟动词ing的主动形式表达被动意义。The book is worth reading again.Th
4、e book is worthy of being read again.The book is worthy to be read again.这本书值得再读一遍。3. 动词ing形式被动式的复合结构当动词ing形式被动式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动词ing形式之前加上物主代词或名词所有格(整个复合结构不作主语时，可用人称代词宾格代替物主代词，名词普通格代替名词所有格)I am very pleased at you/your having been honored with a medal.很高兴你能获得一枚奖牌。The decision having been made，the
5、 next problem was how to make a good plan.决定已经做出，下一个问题就是如何制订一个好的计划了。.单句语法填空 1. As we approached the village，we saw new houses_(build)2. I appreciated_(give)the chance to study abroad two years ago.3. He narrowly escaped_(run)over.4. After he became conscious，he remembered_(attack)and hit on the head
6、.5. The flowers_(smell)sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.单句改错1. Exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin._2. The girl was annoyed at left alone._3. He couldnt bear being made fun like that._4. I look forward to be invited to his wedding._
7、5. The picture is not worth being looked at._. 句型转换：用ing形式的被动语态合并句子1. The school has been built for two years. The school is designed for the disabled children.The school，_ _ _ _ _ _，is intended for the disabled children.2. I am laughed at in the public. I dont like it.I dont like_ _ _ _ _ _.3. He h
8、ad not been promoted. Tony was angry.Tony was angry at_ _ _to a higher position.4. We all like the superstar. He is being interviewed.We all like the superstar_ _.5. The squirrel was lucky. It was not caught.The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed_ _.6. The question has now been solved. It has
9、 been discussed for thousands of years. The question，_ _ _ _ _ _ _，has now been solved.7. The story has been read many times.The story seems much easier._ _ _ _ _， the story seems much easier.单句语法填空 1.being built2.having been given3.being run4.being attacked5.smelling.单句改错1.ExposedBeing exposed2.lef
10、t前加being3.fun后加of4.bebeing5.being lookedlooking. 句型转换：用-ing形式的被动语态合并句子1. having been built for two years2. being laughed at in the public3. not being promoted4. being interviewed5. being caught6. having been discussed for thousands of years7. Having been read many times投诉信主要是针对未能解决的问题而提出，投诉需要收信者提供帮助
11、，强调自己的怨言。投诉信的目的在于得到对方的帮助，所以在写作方式上它倾向于在客观说明的基础上运用请求性的文字，以期达到写投诉信的目的。 在表达自己的抱怨和不满情绪时要客观说明存在的问题并切中问题的要害，让对方认识到自己怨之有理而不是无事生非或无理取闹。在表达看法时要有礼有节，语气柔和。(1)It is a great pity that we found theres something wrong with.令人非常遗憾的是我们发现有问题。(2)Would you please let me know whether or not you can. as soon as possible?你
12、们是否可以告知我能不能尽快(3)I hope that my problem will get your kind consideration.我希望您能考虑一下我的问题。(4)I am sure there are technical or man-made errors involved.我确信出现了技术或人为的错误。(5)I hope you can make an investigation into this matter as soon as possible.我希望你们能尽快调查此事。(6)I hope I can get my refund as soon as possibl
13、e.我希望能尽快收到退款。(7)I am writing to make a complaint about.我写信是为了投诉(8)If it is not properly settled，I would ask you to give my money back，or I would complain to the concerned authorities.如果此事不能妥善解决，我将要求退还支付款项，或者向有关部门投诉。(9)One annoying aspect of your service is.你们的服务项目中一个令人不满的地方是(10)I have been pleased w
14、ith your services for years, but now I feel very disappointed.多年来我一直很满意你们的服务，但现在我非常失望。(11) I would like to draw your attention to the problem/fault.我想让您知道这个问题/错误(12)I am writing to inform you that I found. unsatisfactory.我写信是为了告诉你，我发现令人非常不满意。(13)I wish to express my dissatisfaction/disappointment ab
15、out.我想表达我对的不满/失望。(14)It would be highly appreciated if you could.如果你能我将万分感谢。(15)I trust you will take my complaints seriously and.我相信你会认真对待我的投诉，并且假定你是李华，两周前你从网上订购了一套英语书虫系列读物(Bookworm Series)，昨天才到货，且包装破损，数量不足。请就此给网店客服写一封电子邮件投诉。要点如下：1介绍购物情况；2反映存在的问题；3提出解决方案。注意：1词数100个左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3电子邮件的开头和结尾已给出，
16、不计入总词数。To whom it may concern，_Looking forward to your reply!Yours，Li Hua【审题谋篇】体裁投诉信话题购物时态一般现在时为主人称第一、二人称【遣词造句】.词汇1_ 令我大为失望的是2_ 包装3_ 更糟糕的是4_ 有权利做某事5_ 通知/告知某人某事【答案】1. much to my disappointment2. pack up3. to make matters worse4. have the right to do sth 5. inform sb of sth.句式1I didnt receive them unt
17、il yesterday.(用强调句改写)It was not until yesterday that I received them2The books were poorly packed up. The cover of one book was torn.(用状语从句合并句子)The books were so poorly packed up that the cover of one book was torn【范文欣赏】To whom it may concern，Im one of your customers. I ordered a set of Bookworm Ser
18、ies on your website two weeks ago，but I didnt receive them until yesterday. And much to my disappointment，the books were so poorly packed up that the cover of one book was torn. To make matters worse，it is not a complete set，as I found one book missing.Im sorry to have received such poor service，and
19、 I believe I have the right to ask you to deal with this problem. I hope that you either return my money or deliver a new set of books to me. Besides，Id like to be informed of the process of your dealing with my complaint.Looking forward to your reply!Yours，Li Hua单元质量检测第一部分阅读理解第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A
20、、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AWe commonly hear this statement that the difference between life and school is that, in school you are taught the lessons first and then the tests follow but in life the tests are given first and then the lessons follow. Depending on how well we do in lifes tests, we either experien
21、ce joy or success or we learn a harsh lesson from it.There is a similarity in our process of learning in both school and life. Just as in school we have to repeat the year if we havent studied well, in life too. We find our challenges that we havent quite mastered keep repeating themselves in differ
22、ent forms. So why do these situations reappear?Ironically, this is the same reason why we fail at school. When we do not learn the lessons that are to be learnt from the past experiences and when we do not prepare well for future eventualities, then we find ourselves poorly equipped to face the situ
23、ations that come to test us. This condition naturally increases the probability of our failure.We may have managed to pass our exams and even earn a degree. However, if we know nothing about the subject, we will find it hard to pass the exam or get the degree. So the challenge of studying for an exa
24、m at university is just the same as the challenge at work when a similar case needs to be dealt with at work, but this time failure leads to embarrassment or even job losses. In life, we mature and become wiser, not for others, but for ourselves and our choices.The introductory statement in life the
25、 tests are given first and then the lessons follow is not entirely true. It is just that the lessons are less obvious until the testing situations are faced. The lessons are very subtle(细微的) in life when they come. We need to be prepared to learn them.1. Generally speaking, the tests in life .A. com
26、e after we have learned from lessonsB. reach us before we get prepared for themC. give us a sense of achieving our goalsD. make a great difference to our daily life2. What does the underlined word eventualities probably mean in the passage?A. Events.B. Efforts.C. Lessons.D. Careers.3. It can be infe
27、rred from the passage that .A. school provides knowledge and life difficultiesB. the tests in life sometimes make us alertC. school makes people easy but life pushes themD. the tests in life offer no challenge to usBIn southwestern France, a group of fish have learned how to kill birds. As the Tarn
28、River winds through the city of Albi, it contains a small gravel island where pigeons gather to clean and bathe. And the European catfish(鲶鱼), 1 to 1.5 meters long and the largest freshwater fish on the continent, patrol(巡查) the island. These particular catfish have taken to jumping out of the water
29、, grabbing a pigeon and then going back into the water to swallow their prey. In the process, they strand(使搁浅) themselves on land for a few seconds.Other aquatic(水栖的) hunters strand themselves in a similar way, including bottle-nosed dolphins from South Carolina, which drive the small fish onto beac
30、hes, and Argentinian killer whales, which swim onto beaches to snag(抓住)the resting sea lions. The behavior of the Tarn catfish is so similar that Julien Cucherousset from Paul Sabatier University in Toulouse describes them as freshwater killer whales.Alerted to the catfishs behavior by local fisherm
31、en, Cucherousset watched them from a bridge overlooking the island. Over the summer of 2011, he filmed 54 attacks, of which 28 percent were successful.Catfish get their name for the long, sensitive whiskers on their upper jaws and the Tarn catfish will erect(竖立) theirs when they are hunting pigeons.
32、 This, combining with the fact that only moving pigeons are attacked, suggests that the catfish can sense the movement of birds that approach the water.Cucherousset collected samples of the catfish as well as the three animals that they eat pigeons, crayfish and smaller fish. The catfish and the thr
33、ee animals have different levels of carbon and nitrogen(氮)in their bodies and Cucherousset used these to show that individual catfish varies in whether they hunt pigeons and those that do so eat fewer fish.4. According to Paragraph 1, the European catfish.A. are no more than one meter longB. are the
34、 smallest freshwater fish on the continentC. kill and eat pigeons on landD. usually stay in the water5. Which of the following can NOT be described as freshwater killer whales?A. Catfish.B. Sea lions.C. Bottle-nosed dolphins.D. Argentinian killer whales.6. What can be inferred from the last two para
35、graphs?A. Pigeons are safer when they stay still.B. Pigeons have the same level of carbon as crayfish.C. Catfish attack pigeons to eat more fish.D. Cucherousset likes collecting samples of the catfish.7. What is the passage mainly about?A. Argentinian killer whales that attack the resting sea lions.
36、B. Bottle-nosed dolphins that drive the small fish onto beaches.C. Pigeons that strand themselves on land.D. Catfish that strand themselves to kill pigeons.第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Recently some American scientists have given a useful piece of advice to people in industrialized na
37、tions. They say people should eat more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10，000 years ago. 8 The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly. Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses. 9 So the
38、y are called disease of civilization. Many cancers and diseases of blood systems are examples of such diseases.Scientists noted that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol or tobacco，probably none. 10 However，a change in food is one of the main differences
39、 between life in ancient times and that of today.Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than domestic ones. They ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits. They did not have milk or any other dairy products and they made very little use of grains. 11 We eat
40、six times more salt than our ancestors (祖先)We eat more sugar. We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C. 12 But scientists say that we would be much healthier if we eat much the same way as our ancestors did，cutting the amount of fatty，salty and sweet food.A
41、. These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times.B. People today probably do not want to live the way people thousands of years ago did.C. Ancient people also lived in large groups.D. But today，we eat a lot of these.E. Ancient people also got a great deal of physical exercise.F. In that case，t
42、hey would live much healthier.G. People today probably live the same life as people thousands of years ago did.第二部分英语知识运用第一节完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In American culture, you may find some very sensitive topics that require you to think again before you put them forward. They
43、 are as follows:Age. It is a very sensitive 1to many Americans. In their culture, the thought of growing older is a painful one and most of them, if 2, would like to have nothing to do with it. So many Americans work hard to 3a youthful appearance. The last thing they want to be asked is the unthinkable question: How old are you exactly? This question may result in a(n) 4like: How old do you think I am? Anyhow, if you are 5to know someones age, first you estimate (估计) their age by their 6. Then you take ten years away from that estimation. With a big 7, that person wil