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1、? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? BS EN 1380:2009 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1380 April 2009 ICS 91.080.20Supersedes EN 1380:1999 English Version Timber structures - Test methods - Load bearing nails, screws, dowels and bolts Structures en bois - M
2、thode dessai - Pointes, tire-fonds, broches et boulons porteurs Holzbauwerke - Prfverfahren - Tragende Nagelverbindungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 November 2006. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving
3、this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versio
4、ns (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,
5、Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STAN
6、DARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1380:2009: E BS EN 1380:2009 EN 1380:2009 (E) 2 Cont
7、ents Page Foreword 3 1Scope 4 2Normative references 4 3Terms and definitions .5 4Symbols and abbreviations 5 5Requirements .5 5.1Timber .5 5.2Wood-based products .5 5.3Metal plates and dowel type fasteners 5 6Test methods 6 6.1General 6 6.2Conditioning .6 6.3Fabrication of the test pieces .6 6.4Prep
8、aration of the test pieces 6 6.4.1Load parallel to grain 6 6.4.2Load perpendicular to grain .9 6.4.3Determination of relative displacements . 14 6.5Test procedure 14 6.6Test results 14 6.7Test report . 14 ? BS EN 1380:2009 EN 1380:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1380:2009) has been prepared by
9、 Technical Committee CEN/TC 124 “ Timber structures” , the secretariat of which is held by SFS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2009, and conflicting national standards sha
10、ll be withdrawn at the latest by October 2009. This document supersedes EN 1380:1999. The first version of this European Standard was published in September 1999 and considered only connections with nails. When the product standard for dowel type fasteners EN 14592 became available the scope of EN 1
11、380 was expanded. Therefore, this revised version covers dowel type fasteners as nails, screws, dowels and bolts. Connections with load bearing staples are considered in EN 1381:1999. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries a
12、re bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Swe
13、den, Switzerland and United Kingdom. ? BS EN 1380:2009 EN 1380:2009 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies test methods for determining the strength and deformation characteristics of laterally loaded connections with nail, screws, dowels and bolts in load-bearing timber structures. The meth
14、ods assess connections with members of timber (solid timber or glued laminated timber) or wood-based products or metal plates (but not punched metal plate fasteners) in the combination proposed for use in service. The methods are used to determine load-slip characteristics and maximum load of connec
15、tions where various angles between the applied force and the timber grain direction, or the main direction of the wood-based products, respectively, are possible. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, o
16、nly the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 322, Wood-based panels Determination of moisture content EN 323, Wood-based panels Determination of density EN 13183-2, Moisture content of a piece of sawn timb
17、er Part 2: Estimation by electrical resistance method EN 14080, Timber structures Glued laminated timber Requirements EN 14081-1, Timber structures Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section Part 1: General requirements EN 14358, Timber structures Calculation of characteristic
18、5-percentile values and acceptance criteria for a sample EN 14592, Timber structures Dowel-type fasteners Requirements EN 26891:1991, Timber structures Joints made with mechanical fasteners General principles for the determination of strength and deformation characteristics (ISO 6891:1983) EN 28970,
19、 Timber structures Testing of joints made with mechanical fasteners Requirements for wood density (ISO 8970:1989) ISO 3131, Wood Determination of density for physical and mechanical tests ? BS EN 1380:2009 EN 1380:2009 (E) 5 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following te
20、rms and definitions apply. 3.1 deformation of the connection mean value of the measurements of the relative displacements of the members 3.2 dowel type fasteners elements such as nails, screws, dowels and bolts as defined by EN 14592 4 Symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the
21、 following symbols and abbreviations apply. bwidth of member cross-section, in millimetres Fload, in newtons tmember thickness, in millimetres 5 Requirements 5.1 Timber The timber (solid timber or glued laminated timber) shall satisfy the requirements of EN 14080, EN 14081-1 and shall be selected in
22、 accordance with either of the methods given in EN 28970. For each test piece, the individual members to be joined shall be selected to ensure a test piece of balanced density. For a group of similar test pieces, separate planks shall be used for each test piece. NOTE The members should be free from
23、 major defects, which could lead to premature failure in the area away from the fasteners. 5.2 Wood-based products The specification of the wood based products shall be established. The products used for the individual members of the test pieces shall be representative of the class or range of produ
24、ct to which they belong and the relevant properties shall be declared. One unique grade shall be used to make the test pieces. For each test piece, the individual members in the connection shall be selected from separate pieces of material. 5.3 Metal plates and dowel type fasteners The specification
25、 of the metal plates shall be established. The requirements for dowel type fasteners as given in EN 14592 apply. ? BS EN 1380:2009 EN 1380:2009 (E) 6 6 Test methods 6.1 General The moisture content and density of the timber or wood-based products members at test shall be determined as specified in E
26、N 13183-2, ISO 3131, EN 322 and EN 323 as appropriate. 6.2 Conditioning The test pieces shall be manufactured with the timber or wood-based products at an equilibrium moisture content corresponding to (20 2) C and (85 5) % relative humidity. The material is conditioned when it attains constant mass.
27、 Constant mass is considered to be attained when the results of two successive weightings, carried out at an interval of 6 h, do not differ by more than 0,1 % of the mass of the material. After manufacture but prior to testing the test pieces shall be stored for at least one week at (20 2) C and (65
28、 5) % relative humidity. For certain investigations other moisture conditioning can be appropriate, and shall be reported. NOTE For some hardwoods a much longer storing period can be necessary or the test pieces should be made with appropriate gaps between the members. 6.3 Fabrication of the test pi
29、eces If there are no special requirements, timber members shall be planed. Test pieces shall be fabricated with the fasteners perpendicular to the member surface. The insertion of the dowel type fasteners shall follow normal preparation (e.g. pre-boring) and practice, which shall be reported. The nu
30、mber of fasteners shall reflect the actual use in practice. In principle the connection is symmetrical with respect to the direction of the load comprising the geometry of the timber members and number and penetration depth of the fasteners. For nails and screws the depth of the fastener head indent
31、ation will have an influence on the test result, particularly for connections loaded in double shear. Therefore, if the fabrication technique permits the fastener heads shall protrude above the surface. 6.4 Preparation of the test pieces 6.4.1 Load parallel to grain For connections with fasteners th
32、at do not pass fully through all members: - consisting solely of timber or wood-based products (or combinations thereof) the test pieces shall be fabricated either as a) three-member connections with dowel type fasteners from each side, loaded in single shear, see Figure 1, or b) three-member connec
33、tions with dowel type fasteners from each side, loaded in double shear, see Figure 2. The minimum end length l is 50 mm as shown in Figures 1 and 2 may not be appropriate to thin timber or wood- based products subjected to compression loads. - with metal plates connected with dowel type fasteners to
34、 timber or wood-based products members, the test pieces shall be fabricated either as ? BS EN 1380:2009 EN 1380:2009 (E) 7 a) single shear test pieces with dowel type fasteners from each side and with the side members of metal plates, or b) double shear test pieces with dowel type fasteners from eac
35、h side and with the metal plate as central member. ? BS EN 1380:2009 EN 1380:2009 (E) 8 Key 1 grain direction 2 not protruding end 3 protruding end 4 displacement pick-up points lfree length t1 side member width t2 middle member NOTE Dowels and bolts will usually protrude at the outer faces of the s
36、ide members. Figure 1 Example of a three timber member connection with not fully penetrating dowel type fasteners loaded in single shear and with the positions of displacement pick up points BS EN 1380:2009 EN 1380:2009 (E) 9 Key 1 grain direction 2 not protruding end 3 protruding end 4 displacement
37、 pick-up points lfree length t1 side member width t2 middle member NOTE Dowels and bolts will usually protrude at the outer faces of the side members. Figure 2 Example of a three timber member connection with not fully penetrating dowel type fasteners, loaded in double shear and with the position of
38、 displacement pick up points 6.4.2 Load perpendicular to grain For connections with fasteners that do not fully pass through all members: - consisting solely of timber or wood-based products (or combinations thereof) the test pieces shall be fabricated either as a) three-member connections with dowe
39、l type fasteners from each side, loaded in single shear, see Figures 3 and 4, or b) three-member connections with dowel type fasteners from each side, loaded in double shear, see Figures 5 and 6. BS EN 1380:2009 EN 1380:2009 (E) 10 The minimum end length l = 50 mm as shown in Figures 3 to 6 may not
40、be appropriate to thin timber or wood-based products subjected to compression loads. Key 1 grain direction 2 not protruding end 3 protruding end 4 displacement pick-up points lfree length t1 side member width t2 middle member Figure 3 Example of a three timber member connection with not fully penetr
41、ating dowel type fasteners loaded single shear, side members loaded perpendicular to grain and with the positions of displacement pick up points BS EN 1380:2009 EN 1380:2009 (E) 11 Key 1 grain direction 2 not protruding end 3 protruding end 4 displacement pick-up points lfree length t1 side member w
42、idth t2 middle member Figure 4 Example of a three timber member connection with not fully penetrating dowel type fasteners loaded single shear with a central member loaded perpendicular to grain and the position of displacement pick up points - with metal plates to timber or wood based products memb
43、ers, the test pieces shall be fabricated either as a) single shear test pieces with dowel type fasteners from each side and with the side members of metal plates, or BS EN 1380:2009 EN 1380:2009 (E) 12 b) double shear test pieces with dowel type fasteners from each side and with the metal plate as c
44、entral member. Key 1 grain direction 2 not protruding end 3 protruding end 4 displacement pick-up points lfree length t1 side member width t2 middle member Figure 5 Example of a three timber member connection with not fully penetrating dowel type fasteners loaded double shear with side members loade
45、d perpendicular to grain with the position of displacement load pick-up points BS EN 1380:2009 EN 1380:2009 (E) 13 Key 1 grain direction 2 not protruding end 3 protruding end 4 displacement pick-up points lfree length t1 side member width t2 middle member Figure 6 Example of a three timber member co
46、nnection with not fully penetrating fasteners loaded in double shear and a central member loaded perpendicular to grain with the position of displacement load pick-up points BS EN 1380:2009 EN 1380:2009 (E) 14 6.4.3 Determination of relative displacements The mean relative displacement of the members shall be measured to determine the slip related parameters according to EN 26891. The displacement shall be measured to an accur