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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 185-7:1969 Glossary of Aeronautical and astronautical terms Section 7: Lighter-than-air aircraft (aerostats) UDC 001.4:629.733:533.61/.64 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:26:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 185-7:1969 This British Standard
2、, having been approved by the Aerospace Industry Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Executive Board of the Institution on 31 July 1969 BSI 12-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference ACE/1 Draft for comment 67/25607 ISBN 0
3、580 05920 0 A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This documen
4、t comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 7 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication
5、Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:26:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 185-7:1969 BSI 12-1999i Contents Page Subsection 71. General1 Subsection 72. Hull and envelope3 Subsection 73. Mooring and handling7 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffield
6、un, na, Fri Nov 24 03:26:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:26:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 185-7:1969 BSI 12-19991 (Notes on the arrangement and scope of the glossary are contained in the Foreword to S
7、ection1.) Subsection 71. General No.TermDefinition 7101airshipSee 1219. 7102non-rigid airshipSee 1220. 7103rigid airshipSee 1221. 7104semi-rigid airshipSee 1222. 7105ballastAny substance so carried in a lighter-than-air aircraft as to be dischargeable for trimming or for gaining height. 7106ballasti
8、ng-upThe operation of adjusting the buoyancy or trim by releasing ballast or gas. 7107balloonaSee 1223. 7108captive balloonSee 1224. 7109kite balloonA captive balloon so shaped and trimmed as to derive stability and aerodynamic lift from the relative wind. 7110ballonnet balloonA kite balloon contain
9、ing a compartment into which air is force in order to maintain the shape of the balloon, when it is not full of gas. 7111barrage balloonA kite balloon, the cable of which may be used to destroy aircraft which come in contact with it. 7112dilatable balloon EXPANDING BALLOON A kite balloon fitted with
10、 rubber cords or other device to control its shape when not full of gas. 7113free balloonSee 1225. 7114observation balloonA balloon fitted with a basket or car to carry observers. heights 7115equilibrium heightThe altitude at which, under given conditions, equilibrium is established between the lift
11、 and weight of a free balloon or an airship acting as a free balloon. 7116static ceilingThe equilibrium height in standard atmosphere under design conditions. 7117pressure heightThe altitude in standard atmosphere at which, for a given fullness at sea level, the envelope or gas bag will reach a pred
12、etermined superpressure. 7118leakageThe loss of gas from an envelope or gas bag, from diffusion, effusion, transpiration or escape into the air through the neck of the balloon. 7119diffusionThe movement of a gas by which adjacent layers tend towards uniformity of composition, applied not only to con
13、tiguous layers but also to those separated by a permeable partition in which the discontinuities have diameters so small that the transfer of gas is proportional to the concentration difference. 7120effusionThe flow of gas through holes which are sufficiently large for the velocity to be approximate
14、ly proportional to the square root of the pressure difference. 7121leak detectorAn instrument which detects the presence in air of gases which have a substantially different density from that of air. It can be adapted to find leaks in an envelope or gas bag. a For instrument-carrying balloons see Se
15、ction 15. Meteorology. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:26:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 185-7:1969 2 BSI 12-1999 7122permeabilityThe rate of the diffusion of gas through unit area of material under specified conditions. 7123transpirationThe flow of gas th
16、rough passages long in comparison with their diameter, the diameter being, however, sufficiently large for the rate of transfer to be determined chiefly by the viscosity of the gas and to be approximately proportional to the pressure difference. lifts 7124dynamic liftThe aerodynamic lift due to the
17、movement of the air relative to a lighter-than-air aircraft. 7125false liftThe additional lift caused by positive superheat. 7126gross liftThe buoyancy in standard atmosphere at sea level under standard conditions of purity of gas and fullness. 7127centre of gross liftThe centre of gravity of the ai
18、r displaced by the gas in a lighter-than-air aircraft under standard conditions of gross lift. 7128disposable liftThe gross lift less the fixed weight. 7129net liftThe gross lift less the disposable and fixed weights of a lighter-than-air aircraft. In a captive balloon, it is equal to the cable tens
19、ion at the top of the flying cable. 7130static liftThe difference between the weight of the air displaced by a lighter-than-air aircraft at rest and that of the gas contained therein. 7131oxygen meterAn instrument indicating the proportion by volume of oxygen in the gas in a balloon or airship. 7132
20、porosity meterAn instrument for measuring the porosity of fabric. 7133purityThe percentage of lifting gas in a given volume. 7134purity meterAn instrument for measuring the proportion by volume of the lifting gas present in the gas in a lighter-than-air aircraft. 7135superheatThe difference between
21、the temperature of the gas in the envelope or gas bags and that of the surrounding air. If the gas temperature is the higher, the superheat is positive. 7136superpressureThe amount by which the gas pressure at a specified point in an envelope or gas bag exceeds the pressure in the surrounding air at
22、 the same height. 7137topping-upThe replenishment of a lighter-than-air aircraft with gas. 7138trimThe condition of static balance in pitch. 7139trim, toTo adjust the angle of pitch. volumes 7140air volumeThe volume of air that would be displaced by a solid body of the same form and size as the oute
23、r cover or envelope of a lighter-than-air aircraft. NOTEThis is the volume used in aerodynamic calculations. 7141gas volumeThe volume of the contained gas under standard conditions. NOTEThis is the volume used in aerostatic calculations. 7142water recoveryThe collection of water from the exhaust gas
24、 for ballast. weights 7143dischargeable weightThe total weight which can be discharged in an emergency. 7144disposable weightAll weight other than fixed weight. No.TermDefinition Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:26:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 185-7:1969
25、BSI 12-19993 Subsection 72. Hull and envelope 7145fixed weightThe weight of a lighter-than-air aircraft complete in flying order without fuel, oil, dischargeable weight or pay load. A. General 7201air scoopA scoop through which air is forced into ballonnets or stabilizers by the relative wind. 7202b
26、allonnetA compartment within the envelope into which air can be blown, to compensate for the changes in volume in the gas contained in the envelope, to maintain the required superpressure or to alter trim. 7203basketA structure, usually of wicker, suspended from the envelope of a balloon for carryin
27、g crew, ballast, etc. 7204blower pipeA scoop through which air is forced into ballonnets by the slipstream of the propeller. 7205boosterA device for increasing the superpressure of a kite balloon above that normally attained by means of an air scoop. 7206bow cap NOSE CAP A structure forming the extr
28、eme forward end of the envelope or hull. 7207bow stiffeners NOSE STIFFENERS Short longitudinal members arranged radially round the bow of a kite balloon or non-rigid or semi-rigid airship to stiffen the envelope locally against aerodynamic pressure. 7208carThe structure in, or suspended below, the h
29、ull or envelope of an airship or kite balloon for carrying crew, engines, passengers, etc. 7209control carThe car from which an airship is operated. 7210engine carA car, or portion of a car, wholly devoted to propulsive machinery. 7211wing carA car suspended off the centre line of an airship. 7212cl
30、imbing shaftA shaft leading up through the interior of an airship to give access to the top of the hull or envelope. 7213diaphragmA fabric partition within a lighter-than-air aircraft, which may be gastight to provide separate compartments (e.g. ballonnet diaphragm) or non-gastight to maintain shape
31、 (e.g. stabilizer diaphragm). 7214drip flapA strip of fabric secured by one edge to the envelope or outer cover to deflect rain from the surface below it. 7215elevatorA movable surface for controlling the motion of an airship in pitch. 7216envelope1. The gas-containing unit of a balloon or non-rigid
32、 or semi-rigid airship. 2. The outer cover of an airship in which the gas-containing units are surrounded by a layer of air or inert gas. fabrics 7217goreA shaped section of an envelope or gas bag. 7218panelA sub-division of a gore. 7219multi-ply fabricFabric formed of more than one ply. 7220biassed
33、 fabricA multi-ply fabric with one or more of the plies so cut that the warp threads lie at an angle to the length. No.TermDefinition Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:26:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 185-7:1969 4 BSI 12-1999 No.TermDefinition 7221parallel
34、fabricA multi-ply fabric with the warp threads of all the plies parallel. 7222proofingThe treatment of fabric to render it gastight or weather-resisting. 7223fin(s)1. A fixed surface outside the envelope or outer cover of a lighter-than-air aircraft providing aerodynamic stability. (Cf. 7270.) 2. Th
35、ose parts of the stabilizers of a kite balloon providing stability in pitch and yew. 7224fin carrierA frame laced to channel patches on the envelope of a non-rigid or semi-rigid airship to distribute the forces from a fin. 7225gas bagA gas-containing unit of a rigid airship. 7226gas mainA fabric hos
36、e running through the length of a rigid airship having branches to the gas bags for inflation. 7227gas trunkA duct between a gas-bag valve and a gas hood. girders 7228axial girderA girder along the axis of a rigid airship connecting the central fitting of each braced transverse frame and secured to
37、the hull structure fore and aft. (See also 7281.) 7229cruciform girderA cruciform structure with its arms vertical and horizontal, taking the forces from the rudder and elevator pintles and supporting the stabilizing fins. 7230longitudinalA girder on the outside of the hull structure running fore an
38、d aft. 7231bay longitudinalThat portion of a longitudinal between adjacent transverse frames. 7232frame longitudinalThat portion of a longitudinal in the way of a transverse frame forming a component member thereof. 7233intermediate longitudinalA light auxiliary longitudinal, intermediate between ma
39、in longitudinals. 7234main longitudinalA longitudinal forming an essential structural member of a rigid airship. 7235hullThe structural framework of a rigid airship. 7236inspection portAn opening covered with a transparent disc to facilitate inspection of the interior of an envelope or gas bag. 7237
40、keel1. An internal or external framework along the underside of the hull of a rigid airship, forming an integral part of the structure as a means of distributing the effect of the concentrated loads along the hull. 2. A rigid or articulated member along the underside of a semi-rigid airship envelope
41、. 7238load ring HOOP A ring to which the basket suspensions and the net of a free balloon are secured. 7239neckA tube at the bottom of a balloon for the automatic discharge of gas in flight and for use in inflation and deflation. nets 7240free-balloon netA net over the envelope of a free balloon, fr
42、om which the basket is suspended. 7241gas-bag netA net of cordage or wire to retain a gas bag in position. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:26:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 185-7:1969 BSI 12-19995 No.TermDefinition 7242inflation netA net of cordage used to
43、 hold down an envelope during inflation. 7243outer coverThe external covering of the hull of a rigid airship. patches 7244all-directional patchA circular patch designed to take pull in any direction. 7245channel patchA channel shaped fabric fitting secured to the envelope to enable a rigid member to
44、 be laced thereto. 7246eta patchA fan-shaped patch of fabric and webbing secured to the envelope. 7247rigging patchA patch connecting the rigging to the envelope of a balloon. 7248split patchA patch used for reinforcing the ends of fabric attachments, e.g. the leading edge of an air scoop, to the en
45、velope. 7249petticoatA sleeve so pleated as to leave a clear passage when collapsed. 7250valve petticoatA petticoat between the valve and gas container, making it possible to tie off the petticoat and to change valves without loss of gas. 7251riggingThe system of wires or cords and their attachments
46、, by which the dead weight, or the main cable tension, is distributed over the hull or envelope. 7252anti-rolling wireA wire to prevent rolling of any component relative to the hull or envelope. 7253balloon flying cableThe rope connecting a captive or kite balloon to the winch. 7254cross-over attach
47、mentA circular drum or pulley fitted to the metallic vee of a balloon rigging to carry the main flying cable, while relieving the load on the cable clamps or splice. 7255drag wireA wire led forward from a car or other unit to the hull or envelope to transmit drag. 7256flying rigging WINCH SUSPENSION
48、 The system of rigging between a kite balloon and the flying cable. 7257jackstayA wire provided to maintain the correct spacing between component parts of a rigging system. 7258metallic veeThe lowest legs of a kite balloon rigging brought to a single point to which the balloon flying cable is attach
49、ed. 7259point of attachmentThe point where the rigging is attached to the flying cable. 7260rigging bandA reinforced band secured to the envelope for the attachment of the rigging. 7261running riggingA system of rigging which automatically adjusts itself to a change of direction of pull. 7262thrust wireA wire led aft from an engine car to the hull or envelope to transmit thrust. 7263trajectory bandA band of webbing carried over the upper surface of an envelope to reduce deformation under load. 7264trapeze bar1. A transverse horizontal bar, immediately above the basket of a kite