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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 3597-1:2003 Textile-glass-reinforced plastics Determination of mechanical properties on rods made of roving-reinforced resin Part 1: General considerations and preparation of rods ICS 59.100.10; 83.120 ? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 02:12:49 GMT+00:0
2、0 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 3597-1:2003 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 October 2003 BSI 30 October 2003 ISBN 0 580 42381 1 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 3597-1:2003 and imple
3、ments it as the UK national standard. It supersedes BS 2782-10 Method 1008A:1996 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/42, Fibre reinforced thermosetting plastics and prepregs, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations rep
4、resented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by us
5、ing the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
6、from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in t
7、he UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 9 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateC
8、omments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 02:12:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Reference number ISO 3597-1:2003(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3597-1 Second edition 2003-10-01 Textile-glass-reinforced plastics Determination of mechanical properties on rods made of
9、roving-reinforced resin Part 1: General considerations and preparation of rods Plastiques renforcs verre textile Dtermination des proprits mcaniques sur joncs de stratifils Partie 1: Notions gnrales et prparation des joncs BS ISO 35971:2003 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 02:1
10、2:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 02:12:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS-7953 O1:(3002E) I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr iii Contents Page Forewordiv 1 Scope1 2 Normative references .1 3 Principles.1 4 Conditioning
11、 and test atmospheres2 5 Preparation of test specimens.2 Annex A (informative) Examples of resin systems and curing conditions 8 Bibliography .9 BS ISO 35971:2003 iii Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 02:12:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS-7953 O1:(3002E) vi I SO
12、 3002 All irhgts seredevr Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested
13、in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commi
14、ssion (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technica
15、l committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shal
16、l not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 3597-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 13, Composites and reinforcement fibres. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 3597-1:1993), which has been technical
17、ly revised. ISO 3597 consists of the following parts, under the general title Textile-glass-reinforced plastics Determination of mechanical properties on rods made of roving-reinforced resin: Part 1: General considerations and preparation of rods Part 2: Determination of flexural strength Part 3: De
18、termination of compressive strength Part 4: Determination of apparent interlaminar shear strength BS ISO 35971:2003 iv Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 02:12:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS-7953 O1:(3002E) I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr 1
19、Textile-glass-reinforced plastics Determination of mechanical properties on rods made of roving-reinforced resin Part 1: General considerations and preparation of rods 1 Scope This part of ISO 3597 provides general information and specifies a method for preparing specimens (rods) intended to be used
20、 for tests specified in the other parts of ISO 3597. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (includin
21、g any amendments) applies. ISO 291, Plastics Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing ISO 1172, Textile-glass-reinforced plastics Prepregs, moulding compounds and laminates Determination of the textile-glass and mineral-filler content Calcination methods ISO 3597-2, Textile-glass-reinforced
22、 plastics Determination of mechanical properties on rods made of roving-reinforced resin Part 2: Determination of flexural strength ISO 3597-3, Textile-glass-reinforced plastics Determination of mechanical properties on rods made of roving-reinforced resin Part 3: Determination of compressive streng
23、th ISO 3597-4, Textile-glass-reinforced plastics Determination of mechanical properties on rods made of roving-reinforced resin Part 4: Determination of apparent interlaminar shear strength 3 Principles 3.1 General The test methods specified in the other parts of ISO 3597 and briefly described herea
24、fter are generally performed on “as-moulded” rods. They may, however, also be carried out on rods which have been subjected to treatment in boiling water for a specified length of time. It is also possible to carry out the tests after conditioning exposures other than boiling water. The medium used
25、and the conditions of exposure shall be agreed upon between the interested parties. The preparation of rods as detailed in Clause 5 includes the preparation and division of rods into specimens of given length and their treatment in boiling water, if such treatment is required. BS ISO 35971:2003 1 Li
26、censed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 02:12:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS-7953 O1:(3002E) 2 I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr In order to obtain consistent results, the conditions for the preparation of the rods (resin mixture composition, impregnation system and pullin
27、g speed, cure conditions, etc.) shall be as uniform as possible. 3.2 Determination of flexural strength A specimen is laid horizontally on two supports and bent at constant speed by applying a force at midspan until the specimen breaks (see ISO 3597-2). This test is often referred to as a “three-poi
28、nt bending” test. The flexural strength of the specimen, expressed in megapascals, is the calculated maximum bending stress in the rod at break. 3.3 Determination of compressive strength A specimen is compressed longitudinally by applying forces at the specimen ends at a constant speed until the spe
29、cimen breaks or until the deformation has reached a predetermined level (see ISO 3597-3). The compressive strength of the specimen, expressed in megapascals, is the calculated compressive stress at the highest load applied. 3.4 Determination of apparent interlaminar shear strength A flexural test is
30、 carried out as described in 3.2. However, the span used is significantly shorter in order to induce interlaminar shear failure as a result of the relatively high shear stresses in the midplane of the specimen (see ISO 3597-4). The apparent interlaminar shear strength of the specimen, expressed in m
31、egapascals, is the calculated shear stress in the midplane of the specimen at the highest load applied. 4 Conditioning and test atmospheres Use one of the atmospheres specified in ISO 291. 5 Preparation of test specimens 5.1 Apparatus and materials 5.1.1 Mould, in the form of a rigid hollow cylinder
32、 having a minimum length of 400 mm and an internal diameter of, preferably, 4 mm 0,3 mm or 6 mm 0,3 mm. If other diameters are chosen, these shall be selected by agreement between the interested parties in the range from 4 mm to 10 mm. However, the diameter used shall in all cases be reported, and o
33、nly test data obtained with moulds of the same diameter shall be used for comparative purposes. The mould may be constructed of glass or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). A release agent may be used in the mould if the shrinkage of the moulding is very low (typical of epoxy resins). However, an intern
34、al release agent (a release agent that is mixed into the resin) will affect the test results. Adding a release agent is not recommended. When using a release agent, it shall be mentioned in the test report. 5.1.2 Resin, suitable for use with the reinforcement to be tested (the manufacturer of the re
35、inforcement roving normally gives general recommendations). The resin system selected shall be prepared before use in accordance with the resin manufacturers detailed instructions (see Annex A for examples of resin formulae and curing conditions). 5.1.3 Metal wire or yarn, for pulling impregnated ro
36、vings into the mould. BS ISO 35971:2003 2 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 02:12:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS-7953 O1:(3002E) I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr 3 5.1.4 Impregnation equipment (see Figure 1), comprising a long, shallow impregnation bath to impregn
37、ate a hank of rovings with resin. It is recommended that the bath be made of metal to facilitate heating of the resin to lower its viscosity if required. This is common practice for those resins, such as epoxy, whose room temperature viscosity may be too high to adequately impregnate the hanks of ro
38、ving. It is recommended that the rovings be pre-soaked in the bath of resin to facilitate wet-out and air removal. When a large number of rods are to be made, having two or more baths and switching the pulling of hanks from one bath to another while rovings soak in the other baths has been found an
39、effective technique. Lining the impregnation bath with thin cellophane foil keeps the bath from becoming coated with resin and makes cleaning faster with less need for cleaning solvents. The mould support shall be fitted with a device to prevent the mould moving as rovings are pulled into it. The ro
40、vings are pulled into the mould by means of a metal wire or yarn attached to the hank of roving. The wire or yarn can be pulled by a winding device. The winder can be hand cranked or motor-driven. Care shall be taken that the hanks of roving are pulled into the mould at a slow enough speed for the m
41、inimum amount of air to be trapped in the rovings. NOTE When using low-skrinkage resin, a hand crank and chain may be used to remove the cured rod from the mould. Also, glass tubes that can be broken after curing may be used as the mould. Key 1 guide roll 6 cellophane foil 2 wire or yarn 7 mould sup
42、port 3 mould 8 resin bath 4 clamping device 9 heating unit (optional) 5 impregnated hank of rovings Figure 1 Example of equipment set-up for impregnation of rovings BS ISO 35971:2003 3 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 02:12:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS-7953
43、O1:(3002E) 4 I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr 5.1.5 Circulating-air oven, for curing and/or post-curing the resin at the recommended temperature. 5.1.6 Diamond-tipped saw, for cutting the cured rods to specimens of the required length. 5.1.7 Heating device and suitable glassware, if boiling-water pretr
44、eatment of the test specimens is required. 5.1.8 Former (see Figure 2), with a circumference of 1 m, for winding a hank of rovings. Key 1 tensioning rolls 4 attachment point for wire or yarn 2 loop roll (optional) 5 hank of rovings 3 roving bobbin 6 cut ends a Each side 1/6 m. Figure 2 Winding a han
45、k of rovings 5.2 Preparation of hanks of rovings First, using Equation (1), calculate the mass of roving needed to give a glass content of (65 1) % by mass in the specimens produced. Then use Equation (2) to calculate the number of turns N of roving which will have to be wound on the former to give
46、this mass. To calculate N, it is necessary to know the mass per unit length of the rovings. This is usually stated by the manufacturer (the tex value, in gkm1). NOTE The mass per unit length can be determined using ISO 18891. BS ISO 35971:2003 4 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27
47、 02:12:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS-7953 O1:(3002E) I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr 5 Because it will generally only be possible to wind complete metre lengths on to the former, round up to the nearest whole number. 2 f fr fr 4 wd ml ww = + (1) 1000 tex m N = (2) where m is the mas
48、s, in grams, of the hank of rovings; wf is the glass content, in percent by mass; f is the density, in grams per cubic centimetre, of the glass; wr is the resin content, in percent by mass (without voids, wr = 100 wf); r is the density, in grams per cubic centimetre, of the resin; d is the inside di
49、ameter, in millimetres, of the mould; l is the length of the hank drawn into the mould; tex is the mass per unit length, in grams per kilometre, of the roving. Wind a roving N times around the former. When the calculated number of turns has been collected, remove the roving from the wheel by cutting it on one side of the former. The bundle of roving fibres obtained will be 1,0 m long. Form a hank by