1、大学四级模拟1041Part Writing1、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on Facing Setbacks in a Positive Way by referring to the saying Life has to have cracks in it so that the sun can shine through. You can cite examples to illustrate your point and then explain how yo
2、u can develop your ability to face failure properly. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news
3、report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.2、 A. Terrorists fought with Government troops. B. Thai troops killed terrorists. C. The
4、re were shootings. D. There were explosions.3、 A. The Muslims wanted independence. B. Thai troops have been sent there. C. About 2,000 people have been killed. D. There have been more bombings since 2004.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.4、 A. Students in South East-Asia hav
5、e great pressure in study. B. Genetic factors in visual impairment and blindness. C. Students in South East-Asia should spend more time outdoors. D. The reason why students in South East-Asia are short-sighted.5、 A. Electricity shortage. B. Being short of food. C. The heavy burden of studies. D. Ove
6、rtime exposure to sunlight.Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.6、 A. Googles driverless car project. B. Major car manufactures. C. Self-driving technology. D. A purpose-built machine.7、 A. To make money. B. To get rid of the controls. C. To develop new technology. D. To produce
7、 a purpose-built machine.8、 A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose t
8、he best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Conversation OneQuestions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9、 A. Conducting a training session for security guards. B. Interviewing a person for a job. C. Promoting a new alarm system. D. Asking a coworker some questi
9、ons.10、 A. Where the job is located. B. What training he will need. C. How soon he can start working. D. How much the job pays.11、 A. He prefers to sleep until noon. B. He writes for the local paper in the morning. C. He has classes earlier in the day. D. He wants a higher-paying evening job.12、 A.
10、To introduce more about his work experience. B. To talk about his future plan for the job. C. To fill in an application form and hand it back. D. To take a look at the workplace where he will stay.Conversation TwoQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13、 A. A popular t
11、elevision program. B. A breakthrough in technology. C. A recent purchase. D. A new electronics store.14、 A. Because the old one didnt work well. B. Because the new TV set was on sale. C. Because he had moved into a bigger house. D. Because he wanted to surprise the woman.15、 A. She would prefer a mo
12、re expensive model. B. Shes confused by the remote controls. C. Shes eager to use it. D. She thinks it unwise to buy it.16、 A. Research what television is best for him. B. Ask for a cheaper price on the television. C. Try a different store. D. Be satisfied with what he has.Section CDirections: In th
13、is section, you will hear three short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18
14、are based on the passage you have just heard.17、 A. She buys many clothes. B. She buys a lot of chocolate. C. She eats a lot of things. D. She sleeps a great deal.18、 A. Problems with the teachers. B. Problems with family members or friends. C. Problems with classmates making fun of her. D. Problems
15、 with a part-time job.19、 A. Substituting water with diet coke. B. Talking to someone over the phone. C. Playing a video game. D. Drinking extra tea.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.20、 A. American Indians and com. B. The planting techniques of corn. C. The
16、joy of harvest. D. Various ways to prepare corn.21、 A. It was first boiled and then dried. B. It was braided in bundles and steamed. C. It was dried and then ground into flour. D. It was roasted and wrapped in husks.22、 A. They braided them with animal hair for clothing. B. They bundled them togethe
17、r for fuel. C. They used them to insulate their homes. D. They made various items with them.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23、 A. The strength of its shipbuilding industry. B. The physical features of the river itself. C. The abundance of fruit, vegetabl
18、es, and livestock. D. The similarity of its climate to that in Europe.24、 A. There are no rapids or waterfalls. B. There is a constant, strong wind. C. Navigation is rather difficult. D. Frequent storms cause problems for riverboats.25、 A. Big waves pose a threat to commercial navigation. B. The riv
19、er current never flows faster than ten miles per hour. C. The river reverses its flow several times a day. D. High tides can create sudden and unexpected rapids.26、 A. To allow several sails to be rigged. B. To catch winds coming from over the hills. C. To add to the beauty of the basic design. D. T
20、o allow the sails to be raised more quickly.Part Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully bef
21、ore making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Women with low literacy suffer disproportionately more t
22、han men, encountering more 27 in finding a well-paying job and being twice as likely to end up in the group of lowest wage earners, a study released on Wednesday said. Analysis by the Institute for Womens Policy Research (IWPR) found women at all levels of 28 tend to earn less than men, but its at t
23、he lowest literacy levels that the wage gap between genders is most striking. Women with low literacy are twice as 29 as men at the same skill level to be among the lowest earners, bringing in $300 a week or less, the report said. Because women start off so low in terms of wages, having higher liter
24、acy and more skills really 30 a big difference, said Kevin Miller, a 31 research associate at 1WPR and co-author of the study. Women need to go 32 in their training and education level to earn the same as men, Miller said. The 33 was based on 2009 National Assessment of Adult Literacy surveys, the m
25、ost recent data 34 , and focused on reading skills, not writing and numeric literacy. That data was 35 from a nationally representative sample of 19,714 people aged 16 and older, living in households or prisons. Data showed about one-third of American adults have low literacy levels, and more than 3
26、6 percent of men and 33 percent of women fall into that 36 , the institute said. A. pattern B. senior C. longer D. difficulties E. category F. collected G. positions H. available I. conducted J. independent K. literacy L. analysis M. likely N. further O. makesSection BDirections: In this section, yo
27、u are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions
28、by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How Your Language Affects Your Wealth and Health A. Does the language we speak determine how healthy and rich we will be? New research by Keith Chen of Yale Business School suggests so. The structure of languages affects our judgments and decisio
29、ns about the future and this might have dramatic long-term consequences. B. There has been a lot of research into how we deal with the future. For example, the famous marshmallow (棉花糖) studies of Walter Mischel and colleagues showed that being able to resist temptation is predictive of future succes
30、s. Four-year-old kids were given a marshmallow and were told that if they do not eat that marshmallow and wait for the experimenter to come back, they will get two marshmallows instead of one. Follow-up studies showed that the kids who were able to wait for the bigger future reward became more succe
31、ssful young adults. C. Resisting our impulses for immediate pleasure is often the only way to attain the outcomes that are important to us. We want to keep a slim figure but we also want that last slice of pizza. We want a comfortable retirement, but we also want to drive that dazzling car, go on th
32、at dream vacation, or get those gorgeous shoes. Some people are better at delaying gratification (满足) than others. Those people have a better chance of accumulating wealth and keeping a healthy life style. They are less likely to be impulse buyers or smokers, or to engage in unsafe sex. D. Chens rec
33、ent findings suggest that an unlikely factor, language, strongly affects our future-oriented behavior. Some languages strongly distinguish the present and the future. Other languages only weakly distinguish the present and the future. Chens recent research suggests that people who speak languages th
34、at weakly distinguish the present and the future are better prepared for the future. They accumulate more wealth and they are better able to maintain their health. The way these people conceptualize the future is similar to the way they conceptualize the present. As a result, the future does not fee
35、l very distant and it is easier for them to act in accordance with their future interests. E. Different languages have different ways of talking about the future. Some languages, such as English, Korean, and Russian, require their speakers to refer to the future explicitly (明确地). Every time English-
36、speakers talk about the future, they have to use future markers such as will or going to. In other languages, such as Mandarin, Japanese, and German, future markers are not obligatory (强制性的). The future is often talked about similar to the way present is talked about and the meaning is understood fr
37、om the context. A Mandarin speaker who is going to go to a seminar might say Wo qu ting jiangzuo, which translates to I go listen seminar. Languages such as English constantly remind their speakers that future events are distant. For speakers of languages such as Mandarin future feels closer. As a c
38、onsequence, resisting immediate impulses and investing for the future is easier for Mandarin speakers. F. Chen analyzed individual-level data from 76 developed and developing countries. This data includes peoples economic decisions, such as whether they saved any money last year, the languages they
39、speak at home, demographics (人口统计资料), and cultural factors such as saving is an important cultural value for me. He also analyzed individual-level data on peoples retirement assets, smoking and exercising habits, and general health in older age. Lastly, he analyzed national-level data that includes
40、national savings rates, country GDP and GDP growth rates, country demographics, and proportions of people speaking different languages. G. Peoples savings rates are affected by various factors such as their income, education level, age, religious connection, their countries legal systems, and their
41、cultural values. After those factors were accounted for, the effect of language on peoples savings rates turned out to be big. Speaking a language that has obligatory future markers, such as English, makes people 30 percent less likely to save money for the future. This effect is as large as the eff
42、ect of unemployment. Being unemployed decreases the likelihood of saving by about 30 percent as well. H. Similar analyses showed that speaking a language that does not have obligatory future markers, such as Mandarin, makes people accumulate more retirement assets, smoke less, exercise more, and gen
43、erally be healthier in older age. Countries national savings rates are also affected by language. Having a larger proportion of people speaking languages that does not have obligatory future markers makes national savings rates higher. I. At a more practical level, researchers have been looking for
44、ways to help people act in accordance with their long-term interests. Recent findings suggest that making the future feel closer to the present might improve future-oriented behavior. For instance, researchers recently presented people with renderings of their future selves made using age-progressio
45、n algorithms (算法) that forecast how physical appearances would change over time. One group of participants saw a digital representation of their current selves in a virtual mirror, and the other group saw an age-morphed version of their future selves. Those participants who saw the age-morphed versi
46、on of their future selves allocated more money toward a hypothetical savings account. The intervention brought peoples future to the present and as a result they saved more for the future. J. Chens research shows that language structures our future-related thoughts. Language has been used before to
47、alter time perception with surprising effects. Ellen Langer and colleagues famously improved older peoples physical health by simple interventions including asking them to tall about the events of twenty years ago as if it they were happening now. Talking about the past as if it were the present changed peoples mindsets and their mindsets affected their physical states. Chens research points at the possibility that the way we tall about the f
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