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1、was a generation when girls education was always placred decond to boys.Was she so much cleverer than anyone else?Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.What made her succeed later on was the kindness and
2、consideration she showed to all her patiens.There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a days work,went late at night to deliver a baby for a pool family who could not pay her. By now I could not wait to find out more about her . I discovered that Lin Qiaozhi had devoted her whole l
3、ife to herpatiens and had chosen not to have a family of her own.Instead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered.By this time I was very excited.Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?It was still not too late for me to improve my studies,pr
4、epare for the university entrance examinations , and ELIZABETH FRYWhen the Quaker Elizabeth married Joseph Fry,it seemed as if her life would be comfortable and peaceful.However,Elizabeth was not content with her easy life and her growing family.She saw many poor people living near her and she wante
5、d to help them. One day she was asked to visit a prison .At first the prison officers did not want to let her visit the women prisoners because they feared the prisoners would attack her,but Elizabeth was not afraid.She realized that the prisoners behave badlly because they were treated like animals
6、.They had no beds,clean clothes,food or heating.Any child born in prison had to stay there and had no chance of an education.This meant they would probably have to beg or steal when they grew up and then would return to prison.So the first thing Elizabeth did was to provide food,clean clothes and st
7、raw for beds.Later she began a prison schoolfor the chilldren and taught the women to sew,knit and make goods to sell.In this way they able to make a little money for themselves and gain some self-respect.Her lindnesshelped her gain the friendshipof prisoners and they began to try to improve their c
8、onditions for themselves.Later Elizabeth was asked to go to the leaders of Britain to discuss how to improve the conditions for prisoners。 Of course she did not do all the work on her own.Other Quaker women helped her and went around the country raising money for her wprk.Some people did not like he
9、r ideas and quarrelled with her.They said that she should spend more time with her family.Other people said she enjoyed being famous toomuch.However,her husband,Joseph,supported and encouraged her,so she continued working to help improve the lives of poor prisoners tillshe died.Her ideas did not dis
10、appear after her death and her work was remembered in 1947 when the Quakers were given the Noble Peace Prize. Unit 2A pioneer for all peopleAlthough he is one of Chinas most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. Indeed, his sunburnt fa
11、ce and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past fice decades. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow Rick that has a high output.
12、This special strain of Rick makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.Born into a poor farmers family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Since t
13、hen, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. As a young man, he saw the great need for incresing the rice output. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fiel
14、ds. In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice. In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced. These increased harvests mean that 22% of thwart worlds people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China. Dr Yuan is now circulating his
15、 knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. Thanks to his research, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. However, he doesnt care about being famous. He feels it gives him less freed
16、om to do his research. He would rather keep time for his hobbies. He enjoys listening to volin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. Indeed, he believes that a person with to much money has more rather th
17、an fewer troubls. He therefore gives millions of Yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. Long ago Dr Yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as hug
18、e as a peanut. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the glboe. One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and care
19、s for his people.Chemical or organic farming?Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has vecome very common in farming. Many farmers welcomed them as great way to stop crop disease and increase production. Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fer
20、tilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to peoples health.What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water f
21、or a lonog time. This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off. These chemicals in the food supply build up in peoples bodies over time. Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. In addition, fruit, vege
22、tables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming. Organ
23、ic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. They feel that this ma
24、kes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. They often change the knd of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or
25、wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts th
26、at use the grounds surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots. Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next years crop. These many different or
27、ganic farming methods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or peoples health.An early farmer pioneerSome people thought Jia Sixie was a lucky man. He had worked for the emperor and when he got old, he was able to go his hometown to relax. Jia Sixie, however, had o
28、ther plans. He had always been interested in agriculture and intended to do something to make Chinese farming even better.Jia Sixie lived in the six century AD. He was born in Yidu in Shandong province and worked in Gaoyang, which is also in Shangdong. As he rode through the countryside on his journ
29、eys for his work he looked out at the fields. Some of them were greener and had more crops than others. Some cows and sheep looked healthier than others too. He was lost in though. What could a farmer do to get good crops from his fields? Surely there must be rules that would help them.山西省乡宁县大禹沟生态农牧
30、业科技有限公司肉牛饲养及屠宰加工生产线建设项目可行性研究报告山西XX企业管理咨询有限公司二00八年四月 目录 1提要 2项目背景 2 1项目区概况 2 2项目单位基本情况 2 3项目建设的必要性 3市场分析 3 1国际市场分析 3 2国内市场分析 3 3竞争能力分析 4项目选址及建设条件 4 1项目选址 4 2建设条件 5项目技术方案 5 1项目组成 5 2生产规模及产品方案 5 3生产工艺流程 5 4主要技术经济指标 5 5产品质量标准 5 6设备选择 5 7设备购置 5 8建筑与结构 5 9总平面布局 5 10物料消耗与供应 5 11运输量 6环境保护 6 1主要污染源及污染物 6 2综合
31、治理措施 7卫生要求与安全生产措施 7 1卫生要求 7 2安全生产措施 8节能 9机构设置、人员编制及培训 9 1机构设置 9 2人员编制 9.3人员来源及培训 10项目管理 10 1项目组织管理 10 2项目财务管理 10 3项目运行管理 11项目建议实施进度 12投资估算与资金筹措 12 1投资估算 12 2资金筹措与投资使用计划 12 3资本金 13财务评价 13 1财务评价说明 13 2销售收入和销售税金及附加估算 13 3总成本费用估算 13 4利润总额及分配 13 5财务盈利能力分析 13 6清偿能力分析 13 7不确定性分析 14社会效益 15结论 附表 附表A1 A8总项目附表
32、 附表B1 B17育肥牛场附表 附表C1 C17屠宰加工厂附表 附图 附图1、2项目位置图 附图3、4平面布局图 附件 附件1用地协议 附件2环保证明 1总论1 1项目名称及单位： 项目名称：肉牛饲养及屠宰加工生产线建设项目 项目单位：山西省乡宁县大禹沟生态农牧业科技开发有限公司 企业法人代表：安赵根 项目负责人：赵志云 1 2建设地点：山西省临汾市乡宁县光华镇坪坡村洞儿沟 1 3建设性质：新建 1 4可行性研究报告编制依据：国家有关法律、法规、政策；区域及企业相关资料；市场调查报告。 1 5市场规模：年出栏育肥牛10000头，屠宰加工肉牛20000头，年向市场供应优质牛肉3965吨，其中高档
33、部位肉1366吨；小包装肉2599吨；副产品19980付；牛皮19980张；血粉20吨。 1 6建设内容 （1）育肥牛场 建设工程总面积55520 ，其中牛舍、采精室、饲料加工车间等生产设施54830 ；配电室、锅炉房等辅助设施130 ；办公室、食堂、车库等办公及公用设施560 . 购置各类设备49台（套），其中液氮罐、铡草机、饲料加工设备等生产设备38台（套）；变压器、锅炉等辅助设备3台（套）；办公及公用设备3套；交通运输车5辆。 （2）屠宰加工厂 建筑工程总面积3880 ，其中屠宰车间、分割车间等生产设施2080 ；冷库、锅炉房等辅助设施1030 ；办公室、食堂、车库等办公及公用设施770
34、 . 购置各类设备555台（套辆），其中屠宰设备、预冷分割设备、血粉加工设备等生产设备519台（套辆）；质检、制冷、锅炉等辅助设备19台（套）；办公及公用设备13套；运输车4辆. 1 7项目总投资： ￥ 2824.4万元。 育肥牛场 ￥ 1621.5万元，屠宰加工厂 ￥ 1202.9万元。其中固定资产投资2034.3万元（育肥牛场1142万元；屠宰加工厂892.3万元），建设期利息55.8万元（30.2万元，25.6万元），固定资产投资方向调节税26.7万元（屠宰加工厂），铺底流动资金707.6万元（449.3万元，258.3万元）。 1 8资金筹措：银行贷款1850万元；企业自筹974.4万
35、元。 1 9资本金：974.4万元。 1 10投资使用计划：项目建设期1年，使用固定资产投资2034.3万元（育肥牛场1142万元；屠宰加工厂892.3万元），建设期利息55.8万元（30.2万元，25.6万元），固定资产投资方向调节税26.7万元（屠宰加工厂）。第二年投产，使用铺底流动资金707.6万元（449.3万元，258.3万元）。 1 11建设期限：1年 1 12项目效益：项目正常年销售收入12180.96万元，其中育肥牛场3456万元，屠宰加工厂8724.96万元。年利润总额927.8万元，其中育肥牛场425.8万元，屠宰加工厂502万元。缴纳所得税306.18万元，其中育肥牛场1
36、40.48万元，屠宰加工厂165.7万元。投资利润率20.73，所得税后财务内部收益率18.52，财务净现值（ ic 12）1393.44万元，投资回收期6.84年。 1 13贷款偿还期：4.04年 1 14主要技术经济指标表11 序号 指标名称 单位 数量 备注 1 生产规模 1.1 年出栏育肥牛 头 10000 1.2 年屠宰育肥牛 头 20000 2 产品方案 2.1 部位肉 吨 1366 2.1.1 牛柳 吨 75.5 2.1.2 西冷 吨 190.6 2.1、3 眼肉 吨 305.7 2.1、4 臀肉 吨 233.8 2、1、5 大米龙 吨 187.9 2.1.6 小米龙 吨 61.
37、1 2.1.7 膝园 吨 174.4 2.1.8 腰肉 吨 136.7 2.2 小包装肉 吨 2599 2.3 副产品 付 19980 2.4 牛皮 张 19980 2.5 血粉 吨 20 3 主要原材料燃料年用量 3.1 外购架子牛 头 10000 3.2 外购育肥牛 头 10000 3.3 精饲料 吨 5400 3.4 粗饲料 吨 27120 3.5 塑料袋 万个 533 3.6 编织袋 万个 4 3.7 纸箱 万个 39.7 3.8 煤 吨 1910 3.9 柴油 千升 8.8 4 动力需要量 4.1 最大用电负荷 KW 525 4.2 最大用水量 立方米/天 559 5 总平面指标 5
38、.1 占地面积 242679 5.2 建筑面积 59400 5.3 建筑系数 0.24 6 劳动指标 6.1 定员 人 200 6.2 全员劳动生产率 万元/人年 60.9 7 能耗指标 7.1 综合能耗总量 吨标煤/年 1716 7.2 单位产品综合能耗 吨标煤/吨 0.43 8 项目投资总额 8.1 项目投资总额 万元 2824 其中 固定资产总投资 铺底流动资金 万元 2117 707 9 生产总成本 万元 10632 10 年销售收入 万元 12181 11 经济评价指标 11.1 财务内部收益率 18.52 所得税后 11.2 投资回收期 年 6.84 所得税后 11.3 贷款偿还期
39、 年 4.04 所得税后 11.4 投资利润率 20.73 全部投资 2项目背景 2.1项目区概况【自然地理】 一、位置 山西省位于中国黄河中游、华北西部的黄土高原地带，东邻河北，西界陕西，卤接河南，北连内蒙占自治区。因地处太行山之四，故名山西。春秋时代为晋国故地，因而简称“晋”。 山西的地理坐标为北纬343644，东经11015，一11432。山西东有巍巍太行山作天然屏障，西、南以滔滔黄河为堑，北抵绵绵长城脚下。因外河而内山，故有“表里山河”的美称。 二、面积、地形 山西省南北长680多公里，东西宽380多公里，总面积1563万平方公里。从地图上看，其轮廓呈由东北倾向西南的平行四边形，山西地
40、形较为复杂，境内有山地、丘陵，高原、盆地、台地等多种地貌类型，整个地貌是被黄上广泛覆盖的山地型高原，大部分在海拔1000米至2000米之间。 三、主要山脉、河流 东有太行山，西有吕梁山，北有恒山、五台山，南有中条山，中有太岳山。主要河流有黄河、海河 两大水系。境内有大小河流1000多条，其中流域面积大于100平方公里的有240条。汾河最长，全长659公里。被称为中华民族文化摇篮的黄河，流经全省19个县(市)，流程965公里。目前，山西省年平均水资源总量为1408亿立方米，引黄人晋工程竣工后，将从根本上解决山西缺水问题，年引水总量12亿立方米，向太原供水64亿立方米，向朔州、大同供水56亿立方米
41、。 四、气候特征 山西地形多样，高差悬殊，既有纬度地带性气候，又有明显的垂直变化。山西地处中纬度，距海不远，但因山脉屏障，夏季风影响不大，属于暖温带、温带大陆性气候。年平均气温在4*一14之间。气温地区分布总趋向是自南向北、自平川向山地递减，山西无霜期南长北短，平川长山地短。全省年平均降水量400-650毫米。 【 人口及行政区划 】 2007年，全省人口为3494万人，省内有35个民族，其中汉族占994。全省现行行政区划分为10个省辖市(太原、大同、阳泉、长治、晋城、朔州、晋中、忻州、临汾、运城)和吕梁地区行署，共119个县(市、区)。省会太原为中国内陆开放城市。【自然资源】 一、植物资源
42、山西高等植物有160多科，3000多种。南部、东南部是以次生落叶灌木丛和落叶阔叶林为主的夏绿阔叶混交林地区。中部以中旱生的落叶灌木丛和针叶林为主。北部和西部是暖温带及温带灌木丛和半干旱草原。野生经济植物目前已知者有1000多种。 二、动物资源 省内动物资源相当丰富，有陆栖脊椎动物400种，占全国总数的1912，主要经济动物有毛皮类20种，药用类70种。有国家一、二、三类保护动物31种，占全国保护种数的215。其中一类保护动物有7种，褐马鸡为我国特有珍禽，是山西的省鸟。 三、土地资源 土地资源中，尚有可开发的后备土地资源262.9万公顷，其中宜农面积30万公顷，宜林面积972万公顷，宜牧面积13
43、57公顷。目前山西正加快退耕还林步伐，力争用5-10年左右的时间，将全省3000万亩坡耕地和低产地全部退耕还林，将现有的宜林荒山荒坡全部造林，使山西的生态环境有一个根本性的改观。 【农林牧业】 山西耕地面积为434万公顷，农业以种植业为主，养殖业为辅。通过大力推进农业产业化和发展特色农业，农业区域化布局，专业化分工的效应正在显现。雁门关生态经济畜牧区，太行、吕梁西山杂粮干鲜果生产区和中南部果菜生产区建设初具规模。山西有“小杂粮王国”的美称，主要农产品有：玉米、谷子、小麦、棉花、高粱、苎麻、马铃薯、豆类、蔬菜、芦笋、中药材。主要林产品及水果有苹果、梨、核桃、红枣等。畜牧业主要饲养猪、羊、鸡、牛、马、驼鸟以及养蚕和养蜂等。 山西省政府围绕建设绿色山西、节水山西、数字山西、信用山西，提出了全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标。在生态环境建设方面，重点实施退耕还林、京津地区风沙源治理、天然林保护、“三北”防护林、太行山绿化、黄河中游防护林建设等六大工程，将再造一个山川秀美的山西。 【 坪坡村基本情况 】 坪坡村隶属乡宁县光华镇，地处光华镇西北2.5公里处，距乡宁县城45公里，距临汾市区48公里，距大运高速襄汾入口仅23公里，交通极为便利。此地海拔802米，东临临汾市，西接双鹤乡，南交襄汾县，北连台头镇，总面积