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1、中考英语书面表达常见错误分析（一）审题错误 要点领悟 与汉语作文一样 , 英语书面表达的审题也十分重要。审题包括此篇文章要传递给 读者什么样的信息，告诫读者什么( 即写作目的 )。由于英语书而表达的篇幅很有限，所以要求作者在写作 时要精心组织材料，紧扣主题。 信息提示 太白山是陕西著名的森林游览胜地。一年四季都有其独特的景色(scene) o不 过，游览太白山的最佳时机是春天。每当春天来临，青山滴翠, 美丽的 景色吸引了许多游客前來踏青观光。 可儿年前 , 游人不注意保护环境，乱扔垃圾，攀折树枝花草，猎杀野鸟，点火野餐，致使环境一度恶化。 请你写篇报道，说明太白山旅游环境的变化。 习作实况 T
2、aibai Mount ain i s a famous place of in teres t in Shaanxi Province. It has its special seenes all the year round, and spring is the best time to visit it. When spring comes, the days get longer and 1cmger and the weather get warmer and warmer. Trees are beg inning to turn green, and flowers come o
3、ut. Everything begins to grow (1). The mountains are covered with a lot of green tall trees and all kinds of colorful wild flowers. Tt is so beautiful that a lot of visitors come here and enjoy its beauty every day. But a few years ago, some of the visitors paid no attention to protecting the enviro
4、nment? They used to throw lots of rubbish such as plastic bags, fruit skins and waste paper on the ground. They don ，t know that cleaners work from morning till night to sweep away the rubbish and waste things (2). Sometimes they broke some branches, picked flowers and even killed birds. Some even m
5、ade fires in the forest to cook food. How dangerous it was! Luckily eno ugh, the local government has begun to do something to stop polluting the area. Great changes have taken place here- New roads and nice hotels have been built; trecs and flowers are plantcd arouncl them. Visitors are asked to ta
6、ke plastic bags and put their rubbish in them (3). 精讲点拨 (1)这一部分应当删掉。文章应围绕太白山景区的景色和环境保护主题展开，与太白 山有关的春景可以略写，但不宜用太多的笔墨去描绘春天，这不仅加长了篇幅，也冲淡了主题。 (2)这一部分也应当删掉。因为, 这里批评了游客乱扔垃圾的不良现象，由于篇幅的 限制，没有必要再去谈论清洁工是如何清理这些垃圾的。 (3)这一部分同样需耍删掉。根据上文不难看出，本文主要谈论太白山旅游区的环境 污染问题，以及政府采取措施后环境的变化。没有必要去描述基础设施的变化。总而言之，英文作文屮， 应特别注意避免想起什
7、么写什么，随意发挥, 淡化主 题。 精彩例文 Taibai Mountain is a famous place of interest in Shaanxi Province. It has its special scenes all the year round, and spring is the best time to visit it. When spring comes, the mountains are covered with a great many green tall trees and all kinds of colorful wild flowers ? It
8、 is so beautiful that a lot of visitors come here and enjoy its beauty every day. But a few years ago, some of the visitors paid no attention to protecting the environment. They used to throw lots of rubbish such as plastic bags, fruit skins and waste paper on the ground? Sometimes they broke some b
9、ranches, picked flowers and even killed birds. Some even made fires in the forest to cook food ? How dang erous it was! Luckily eno ugh, the local gover nment has begun to do something to stop polluting the area? Great changes have taken place here. 中考英语书面表达常见错误分析（二）文不达意 【要点领悟】 在英语书面表达的提示信息中，常有这样的语句
10、“可适当增加细节”或“可 适当发挥”，但所增加的内容应该与文章相关。如果所“发挥”的内容与文章无关，就是“画蛇添足” 了。 【信息提示】 根据下面的4幅图画用英语写一篇短文，要求故事包括所有图画的主要内容, 可以适当增加细节 , 使意思连贯。词数在100以上。 【习作实况】 One clay, an old woman was crossing the street with a basket in her hancL She went to do some shopping. Just then a car came up and she was knocked down onto the
11、grounci She was badly injured and couldr/ t move. But to everyone ，s anger, the car ran away as quickly as it could. The old woman had to lie on the ground and cried (1). Luckily, a man, who was sweeping the street nearby, saw this. He ran quickly up to her and helped her stand up. lie was angry wit
12、h the driver (2). Then he took her to the nearest hospital. There a doctor examined her careful 1 y and gave her some medical care. After that, the dustman took her home. When the old woman“ s daughter knew what had happened to her mother, she was moved deeply and thanked him very much. After a whil
13、e the dustman left and went to do his work. The daughter thanked him again (3). 【精讲点拨】 此句与图中提示不相符，应删去。 (2)此处加写这句属多余，也与图画内容不符。 (3)文章写到“.very much. ”处已经很完整了，加上这一句使行文显得重复、累赘。 【精品范文】 One day, an old woman was crossing the street with a basket in her hand. She went to do some shopping. Just then a car ca
14、me up and she was knocked down onto the ground. She was badly injured and couldnt move a little. Luckily, a man, who was sweeping the street nearby, saw this. He ran quickly up to her and helped her stand up. Then he took her to the nearest hospital. There a doctor examined her carefully and gave he
15、r some medical care. After that, the dustman took her home. When the old woman，s daughter knew what had happened to her mother, she was moved deeply and thanked him very much. 中考英语书面表达常见错误分析（三）名词单复数 【要点领悟】 同学们在写作时，往往把重点放在文章的构思和句子结构上, 有时忽略了名词的单复数。在中考作 文中，如果名词的数使用混乱，也会导致较多的失分。 【信息提示】 假如你是吴强，去年春天和几位同学到
16、东浦岛野餐，以“The happiest day”为题 写一篇80-100 词的作文。要求条理清晰、意思连贯、语句通顺、标点规范。 【习作实况】 The happiest day Last spring my classmate (1) and I went to Dongpu Island to have a picnic. It was March 2. The weather was fine and there was hardly a cloud in the sky. We started early that morning. We all carried something n
17、ice to eat and drink. We sang happily on our ways (2) there. After about one and a half hour (3), we got to the island. The water in the lake was nice and clean and we could see flowers and grasses (4) all around us. How beautiful it was! After about twenty minuted (5) rest, we divided ourselves int
18、o four groups and cooked our lunch. Most of us did the cooking for the first time? After a while, everything was ready. We put all the food on a big piece of paper. There was meat, fish, fruit and vegetable (6). How delicious they were! We enjoyed our lunch and there was a big smile on everyone face
19、s (7). 【精讲点拨】 (1)classmate在本句中看不出错误来，如果结合第二段的. ?four groups就可 发现classmate要用复 数形式。 (2)在on one s way结构中，way没有复数形式。 (3)这儿不是半个小时，而是一个半小时，所以hour要用复数。 (4)此处指普通的草，多用单数。 (5)此处应将minute s 改为minutes, 即twenty minutes rest。 (6)此处应用vegetable的复数形式vegetables。 (7)这儿指的是每个人的脸上，应将faces改为face。 【精品范文】 The happiest day La
20、st spring my classmates and I went to Dongpu Island to have a picnic. It was March 2. The weather weis fine and there was hcirdly a cloud in the sky. We started early that morning. We al 1 carried something nice to eat and drink. We sang happily on the way there. After about one and a half hours, we
21、 got to the island. The water in the lake was nice and clean and we could see flowers and grass all ciround us. How beautiful it was! After about twenty min tiles ， rest, we divided ourselves into four groups and cooked our lunch. Most of us did the cooking for the first time. After a while, everyth
22、ing was ready. We put all the food on a big piece of paper?There was meat, fish, fruit and vegetables. How delicious they were! We enjoyed our lunch and there was a big smile on everyone ， s face. 中考英语书面表达常见错误分析（四）文体格式错误 要点领悟 英文日记的写作在全国各地中考书面表达题中占有较大的比例。它属于应 用文的一种， 这类书面表达题可以是提示性作文, 也可以是看图（表）作文，无论是哪种
23、形式，都要求按日记的格式进 行写作。写作前都要仔细审题，抓住要点，理清叙述的顺序。 信息提示 2008年3月12日是星期一 , 也是植树节。那天天气晴朗，上午8点半，老师和同 学们在校门口集合，步行去西山植树。植树前，老师告诉同学们树木可以净化空气、防风固土、美化环境， 并要求每人栽五棵小树。同学们干得都很卖力。班长林涛不顾生病，完成自己的任务后，又帮助其他人， 他是我们学习的好榜样。请根据提示内容, 写一篇日记。 习作实况 2008. 3. 12 Monday (1) Sunny Dear friends (3), It is March 12th today. At half past e
24、ight, all the teachers and students in our school gathered in front of the school gate? Then wo went on foot to the Western Hill to plant trees. Before we started working, the teacher gave us a talk on the importance of planting trees- He said that trees can help to keep the air clean, protect us fr
25、om strong wind and sand and make our city more beautiful. Then he showed us how to plant trees and asked each of us to plant at least five trees. After that we started working? Some strong boys dug holes, sonic carried water and some girls put trees in the holes- We all worked hard. Among us, Lin Ta
26、o, our monitor set a good example to us. Though he was ill, he worked harder. When he finished his task, he went on to help others. He was wet al 1 over after work. Looking at the lines of the young trees, we smiled happily. Truly yours, Mary Baker (5) 精讲点拨 (1)将日记的日期2008.3.12 Monday 改为Monday, March
27、12th, 2008 或March 12th, 200只有月、口时, 其顺序为月、日，月份可用缩略 式。如 :September 20th或Sept. 20th;如果要写明星期几 , 可将其放在td期的前血或后血o女U:Friday, Oct. 20, 2008或Oct. 20, 2008, Fridayo (2)写日记 时，天气状况应写在日期的右边且靠右顶格，而不是 写在日期的下面。天气状况一般用形容词表示。如：Fine （晴） ,Sunny （晴），Rainy （雨），Snowy （雪） ,Windy （多风），Cloudy （多云） 等。 （3）本文要求写一篇日记，而不是书信。Dear
28、friends是用在写信吋的称呼语, 在写 日记时应去掉。 （4）和（5）都是书信的落款格式，不能用在日记的写作中，要去掉。在写作文时, 同 学们一定要熟练掌握书信和日记的写作格式，不能混淆。 精彩例文 Monday, March 12th, 2007 Sunny It is March 12th today. At half past eight, all the teachers and students in our school gathered in front of the school gate. Then we went on foot to the Western Hil1
29、to plant trees. Before we started working, the teacher gave us a talk on the importance of planting trees? He said that trees can help to keep the air clcan, protect us from strong wind and sand and make our city more beautifu 1. Then he showed us how to plant trees and asked each of us to plant at
30、least five trees. After that we started working. Some strong boys dug holes, some carried water and some girls put trees in the holes. We all worked hard. Among us, Lin Tao, our monitor set a good examp 1 e to us. Though he was ill, he worked harder. When he finished his task, he went on to help oth
31、ers. He was wet all over after work? Looking at the lines of the young trees, we smiled happily. 中考英语书面表达常见错误分析( 五) 用词不当 要点领悟】 文章构思新颖、结构严谨固然重要，但它只是文章的骨架。要充实内容，就得有一 定的遣词造句的功力 , 在此基础知识就显得尤为重耍了。 【信息提示】 李华平吋总是忙于功课 , 很少做家务。母亲节这一天，她想帮妈妈做饭，却不小心切 了手指，本想让妈妈在节日期间好好休息，却未能如愿。以“On Mother s Day”为 题写一篇词数为80-100 的短
32、文。要求条理清晰、意思连贯、语句通顺、标点正确。 【习作实况】 On Mother ， s Day r m usually busy with my studies and do few (1) housework when I come back from school. It was Mother“ s Day yesterday. I wanted Mum to have a good rest and I did all in stead (2) her. I got up early yesterday morning and bought a lot of vegetabl es,
33、 fi sh and meat i n the market. I washed them and then began to cook. I was sure I could do as well like (3) Mum? Bad luck! I cut one of my fingers and cried out? Mum and Dad rushed into (4) and Mum asked Dad to take me to the hospita 1. When we came back, dinner (5) ready?I felt sorry and said, “Mu
34、m had a busy Mothers Day again!” 【精讲点拨】 (1)housework是不可数名词， 应用little来修饰。(2) instead是副词，后不能接宾语， 这儿 应该用instead of。 (3) like虽然可用作介词，意为“像”，但这儿是as. as.结构，因此此处应改为as well as. ? ? o (4) into是介词，其后要接宾语，但句中无宾语, 所以改为副词in。 (5) ready是形容词，不能单独作谓语, 所以英前要加waso 【精品范文】 On Mother“ s Day m usual ly busy with my studi e
35、s and do lit tie housework when I come back from school. It was Mot her s Day yesterda y. I wan ted Mum to have a good res t and I did all instead of her ? I got up early yesterday morning and bought a lot of vegetables, fish and meat in the market. I washed them and then began to cook ? I was sure
36、I could do as well as Mum. Bad luck! I cut one of my fingers and cried out. Mum and Dad rushed in and Mum asked Dad to take me to the hospital. When we came back, dinner was ready. I felt sorry and said, “Mum had a busy Mothers Day again!” 中考英语书面表达常见错误分析( 六) 汉式英语 要点领悟 不同的氏族有不同的语言表达习惯。我国学生在用英语写作吋由于受汉
37、语表达习惯的影响，加之对 英语词语的真正含义把握不准, 往往拿汉语去套英语，结果写出的文章到处都是汉式英语(Chinglish)o这 样的文章，只有中国人能看懂，外国人看不懂。这就达不到与外国人交流思想的目的。要改变这种状况， 一是要准确把握英语词语的含义，二是要排除汉语表达习惯的干扰。这样才能写出地道的英语文章。 信息提示 你家里养了一只猫 , 她很小，也很可爱。由于她的存在，你们全家人都很快乐。昨天晩上你去商店给 她买食物 , 在回家的路上下起了大雨。当你到家时，你浑身都湿透了。虽然淋了雨，但是你很高兴。不管 怎么说，小猫不用挨饿了。 习作实况 My home (1) raises a l
38、ovely small cat. My family are always happy because of her. I went to the store to buy some food for her yesterday night (2). Unluckily, there was a big rain (3) on my way home? When I got home, I was all wet (4). Although I was wet, but (5) I was very happy. No matter how to say (6), the cat would
39、not be hungry. 精讲点拨 上血的这篇习作虽然我们都能看懂是什么意思，但由于受汉语思维的彤响，里面充满 了因文化差异而产生的错误。 (1)“home ”的汉语意思虽然也是“家”，但它指“家”时一般只指地点而不指人。 根据英语习惯该句应改为My family has a lovely small cat或We keep a lovely smal1 cat at home。 (2)“昨天晚上”要么表达为yesterday evening,要么表达为last nighto 但根据语境 , 这里用前者较合适。 (3)根据英语表达习惯， 一场大雨”应表达为a heavy rain,而不是a
40、 big rairio (4)be all wet的意思是“完全错了”。 要表达“全身湿透了”， 可以用wet through 或completely wet。 (5)由于受汉语“虽然但是”结构的影响而出错。在英语 屮，although和but在一个句子屮不能连用。 (6)这里要表达“不管怎么说”，可以用anyway或anyhow,文中的表达显然属于 汉式英语。 精彩例文 We keep a lovely smal1 cat at home. My family are always happy because of her. 1 went to the store to buy some f
41、ood for her yesterday evening. Uniuck订y, there was a heavy rain on my way home. When I got home, I was wet through. Although I was wet, T was very happy. Anyway, the cat would not he hungry. 中考英语书面表达常见错误分析（七）习惯用法和固定搭配 【要点领悟】 有的同学在写作吋常常把一些习惯用语、固定词组及结构错课搭配，结果写出来的句子让人看不懂。我们在平时若将这些 英语基础知识牢固掌握，考试时就会得心应于、
42、从容自若。 【信息提示】 2005年1()月1日 星期六睛 咋天你叔叔打电话来，请你找儿个朋友去他农场收桔了。于是今天早上6点, 你和朋友就坐汽车出发了。一到农场便开始 干活。桔子树上结满了桔子，你们乂摘桔子乂装车，忙完后在那儿吃了午餐，还吃了不少桔子。下午坐卡车回家。你们虽然忙 了- ?天，却感到非常快乐。 请根据以上提示写一篇80词左右的英语H记。诸注意日记的格式。 【习作实况】 October I, 2005、Saturday Sunny My uncle called me yesterday. He said in the phone (1) that he had an orang
43、e harvest. He needed some help. He asked me to go there with my friends. Today morning (2) we left home at 6:00. We went there by a bus (3). The trees in (4) the farm were really full with (5) oranges? When we got there, we began lo work at once ? We picked a lol of oranges and put them in the boxes
44、? Some strong boys carried the boxes into a truck? After work, we had the lunch (6) at my uncles house ? We had many oranges, (oo. In the afternoon, we came back home by truck? We were busy today, but we were happy. 【精讲点拨】 (1)“在电话里说”应用介词on。 (2)“今夭上午”的英语说法是this morn ingo (3)by+交通工具名词时，英间不用冠词或英他修饰词。 (
45、4)“在农场里”介词用on,应是on the farmo (5)“ 充( 结)满 . ”有两种表示方法 ,be full of .或be filled with.。 (6)英语中在表示吃一H三餐时，三餐前不加冠词。 【精品范文】 October 1, 2005, Saturday Sunny My uncle cal 1 ed me yesterday. He said on the phone that he had an orange harvest. He needed some help, lie asked me to go there with my friends. This m
46、orning we left home at 6:00. We went there by bus. The trees on the farm were and put them in the boxes? Some strong boys carried the boxes into a truck. After work, we had lunch at my un cle, s house. We had many ora nges, too. Tn the after noon, wo came back home by truck. We were busy today, but
47、we were haippy. 中考英语书面表达常见错误分析（八）词汇使用错误 要点领悟 很多考生在中考书面表达中，常常会错用一些词语，使得评卷老师不知其所 云，得分自然不会高。因此，我们在平时的习作训练屮就要特别留意词汇的正确使用。 信息提示 李小莉的一个名叫Mary Baker的笔友给她回了一封电子邮件，谈到她对中国的喜爱 和向往。请以“An e-mail from an American pen pal v 为标题写一封电子邮件。邮件的开头已给出（不计 入总词数）O From: marybaker0892yahoo. com To: lixiaolibjcn163. com Subjec
48、t: My wi sh 要求： 1.意思连贯、符合逻辑、书写工整; 2.词数:85左右。 习作实况 From: marybakcr0892yahoo. com To: lixiaolibjcn163. com Subject: My wish Dear Li Xiaoli, I m glad to receive your e-mail. I ve showed it to my friends. Every one (1) of us thi nks China is one of the greatest coun tries in the world. We ? ve known muc
49、h about your country for years, but we have not chanee (2) to go there- We often watch the Great Wai 1 and beautiful Beijing on TV. So I think China is worth to visit(3). I bought a book on China and study it when I ，m free. I hope I can visit your country one day, and I also hope you to visit (4) our country sometimes (5) in the future. Truly yours, Marv Baker 精讲点拨 1. everyone是不定代词，它可以用作主语，但不能和含of的介词短语连用。此处应把Everyone分开, 即Every one,或者用Each来替换它。但要注意，这里不能用Every,因为它 不能用作主语。 2. chance表示“机会”的意思讲时是可数名词，须和冠词连用。由于该句是否定句，如果在它前面加上 any,它需要变成复数。最便捷的办法是，把not换成no,表示not a,如果no后 接的名词是