1、 辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计 第17页英文原文：HOT ROLLING MILL （Infrared temperature measurement /Application Information)SPECIALISTS IN NON CONTACT TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTLAND, acknowledged leaders in the field of radiation thermometry, have supplied the Steel industry throughout the world with temperature measuring equ
2、ipment for over 55 years. Today LAND manufacture a complete range of measurement equipment designed specifically for hot metal rolling applications. All are designed to the highest standards of quality and reliability to ensure accurate measurements in the harsh operating conditions of the hot mill.
3、LANDs reputation for quality products and service is attributable to good product design, to technical expertise and especially to extensive application knowledge. This knowledge has been gained by providing effective solutions to the varied problems of temperature measurement in the forming and rol
4、ling of hot metal. Since the introduction of non contact thermometers into the modern hot rolling mill, their role has developed into providing a primary source of vital process information. They now fulfil three vital roles on the rolling mills of any modern steelworks.Product Quality To ensure the
5、 finished product has gained the correct metallurgical properties the temperature must be closely monitored, not just in the finishing sections but throughout the process from casting to finishing.Product Uniformity It is not sufficient to achieve the desired level of quality for a single batch-once
6、 attained this level must be consistently maintained.Process Control Whether control on the mill is manual or automatic，the control of critical temperatures is vital for the maintenance of quality, uniformity, throughput and energy consumption, and to ensure increased longevity of rolls and mill equ
7、ipment. Selection of the ideal thermometer is vital. Provided careful consideration is given to not just the thermometer and signal processing requirements, but also the location, sighting and service requirements; long term, trouble free, accurate temperature measurement will result. The informatio
8、n contained here highlights the locations, the recommended systems, their individual specifications and alternatives which are available. More detailed information is freely available from LAND.WHY USE LAND NON CONTACT RADIATION THERMOMETERS?1. Radiation thermometers need no contact with the measure
9、d object, which means no contamination, interference or damage caused to the products or the equipment2. Flexibility in the choice of fixed, fibre optics systems or portable instruments to give comprehensive cover for all temperature needs.3. Minimal maintenance and extended trouble free operation o
10、nce correctly installed.4. All Land Instruments International products are backed by BS EN ISO9001:2000 Quality Management System Approval and BS EN ISO/IEC 17025.5. Accurate, reliable and stable measurement increases confidence in long-term product quality.6. Traceability of calibration is to Natio
11、nal Standards. Calibration certificates are available from our UKAS accredited calibration laboratory No.0034 in the U.K. and NIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology)in the U.S.A.LAND know how, expertise and support-world wide. Also, a range of application dedicated products including La
12、ndscan infrared linescanners, Furnace Thermometers System (FTS)and Under strip Temperature Measurement System are aimed specifically at hot rolling mill applications.TYPICAL ELEMENTS OF A NON CONTACT RADIATION THERMOMETER SYSTEM1. A high precision radiation thermometer which detects infrared energy
13、emitted from the target surface and converts it into an electrical signal to be passed to the signal processor.2. A high accuracy signal processor which linearizes the thermometer output signal and produces a signal suitable for interface with any indicating, recording or mill control equipment.3. S
14、ome form of protection against the measurement environment. In a typical fixed system this would include a protection jacket giving water cooling and lens purging facilities, an end cap to provide environmental sealing, along with a mounting plate. Fibroptic thermometers do not require water cooling
15、 as they have the capability to withstand high ambient temperatures up to 200C/392F.The portable thermometers are self contained units protected by a durable jacket; they are supplied in a hard carrying case.The schematics diagrams detailed on the following pages illustrate the principal features of
16、 a modern rolling mill. The areas highlighted offer measurement reference points, where LAND s radiation thermometry know-how can really benefit you. If the specific area of concern is not covered here our engineers will be pleased to discuss your requirements.Continuous Caster-Strand Temperature Me
17、asurement in the Spray ChamberA very special thermometer is needed here to survive the hostile environment of the spray chamber without constant maintenance. Measurements using the Land Spray Chamber System allow cooling rates in the chamber to be optimized, 1. directly influencing both product qual
18、ity and process efficiency.2. Permits process/quality optimisation.3. Avoids break-outs.Continuous Caster-Withdrawal/Straightening and ExitMeasurement at the withdrawal/straightening section or exit monitors process uniformity over several strands. Measurements made here can provide vital informatio
19、n on final stage cooling in the spray chamber to ensure uniformity. Installing on-line thermometer systems or Landscan linescanners here would: Provide information on cooling in the Spray Chamber.Check the temperature profile of the hot strandSoaking Pit-Load Temperature The heating of the soaking p
20、it is controlled using temperature measurements made at the end wall. Knowledge of the pit temperature and necessary soaking times can ensure that ingots leave the soaking pit at the correct temperature. A Cyclops 153 portable thermometer can be used to periodically check both pit and ingot temperat
21、ures.Slabbing/Blooming Mill-Billet Temperature Measurement Temperature measurement at the exit of the mill is important. If the billet is too cold it needs to be put through the reheat furnace before entering the rolling section, otherwise a product with poor surface condition and metallurgical prop
22、erties could result. A constant check using a short wavelength thermometer will:.Provide ingot to billet temperature loss information. Give early warning of possible roll damage.Reheat Furnace-Load Temperature Measurement Two sensors are used to determine true Reheat Furnace Load temperatures. A rad
23、iation thermometer, operating at 3.9m measures apparent load temperature and a furnace thermocouple or second 3.9m thermometer is used to measure furnace temperature. These two signals are fed into a Signal processing unit which computes true load temperature.The Furnace Thermometer System.1. Gives
24、true stock temperatures, permitting optimized heating trajectories.2. Provides potential for substantial energy savings.3. Can be installed with minimum process disruption.Reheat Furnace ChargeTemperature measurement of the furnace charge allows adjustment of the furnace firing conditions in the pre
25、heat zone. Utilising a longer wavelength thermometer will help maximise reheating efficiency when either hot and cold charging. Reheat Furnace Exit The exit of the furnace represents the final opportunity to check the stock temperature before entering the mill. Positioning a Landscan linescanner at
26、 the exit will determine temperature distribution i.e. poor uniformity will result in the need for burner adjustment. Landscan improves quality, reduces wastage of product, fuel and time. A short wavelength thermometer with a LANDMARK Graphic signal processor using peak picking will give an accurate
27、 output avoiding errors due to surface scale. Used in conjunction with the charge and load measurements, it saves both time and fuel.Rolling Mill-Measurement at the Scalebreaker This provides the first opportunity to measure the temperature of the scale-free metal. Once the scale has been removed, t
28、hermometers measure the true surface temperature to ensure it is within rolling limits and to set mill parameters. Utilising a short wavelength thermometer with a peak picker signal processing option allows the true metal temperature to be passed to mill control equipment. Using a Landscan linescann
29、er at this point will provide a two dimensional thermal map of the product.Rolling Mill-Coiler Temperature Measurement-Hot Coil Box Measurement of the strip, using a short wavelength thermometer or a Landscan linescanner, as it is uncoiled ensures that consistent rolling and finishing temperatures a
30、re maintained.Rolling Mill-Measurement at the Roughing Stands Measurements should be taken here at regular intervals to assist the operator in making the correct roll settings. This is essential if there are any stoppages so that roll parameters can be adjusted.1. Using a Landscan linescanner at thi
31、s point will provide a two dimensional thermal map of the product.2. Gives the operator information or a mill computer data on which to set roll parameters.3. Can in addition be used as a hot metal detector.Rolling Mill-Finishing Stands Temperature Measuremen It is essential to know the temperature
32、of the finished product to ensure that the correct metallurgical properties have been obtained. Installation of an on-line thermometer system or a Landscan linescanner provides the vital temperature information required for the cooling sections.Rolling Mill-Measurement at the Cooling Section/Runout
33、Table The thermal sensitivity of some metals means that monitoring must take place to avoid damage or stresses occurring. It is therefore equally important to maintain high accuracy temperature measurements at the cooling section to benefit the overall quality of the finished product, and to realise
34、 the correct properties Installing a Landscan linescanner at the cooling exit ensures maintenance of product quality throughout the cooling cycle.Wire/Rod Mill-Measurement at the Water Box (not illustrated) Cooling here needs to be rapid but controlled to ensure metallurgical properties are retained
35、 Insufficient cooling would result in out of specification material, i.e. scrap or downgrade.Installation of a ratio or target-orbiting (T.O.) thermometer:1. Allows continuous measurement.2. Provides control to the water spray coolers to retain metallurgical properties.3. Permits a range of rod/bar
36、 diameters to be monitored.Wire/Rod Mill-Measurement at the Laying head and on the Air Cooling Conveyor. Temperature measurement using either a Landscan linescanner,a ratio thermometer or a target-orbiting(T.O.)thermometer in the air cooling zonesis vital to ensure both metallurgical structure and h
37、ence mechanical properties are retained in the finished product. On-line measurement should be made in both the laying and cooling zones so that control in each can be effected.In addition a Landscan linescanner provides: Complete two-dimensional thermal mapping of the laid products. A Cyclops 153 c
38、an be used to monitor laying head temperatures, and a Cyclops 241 for cooling conveyor temperatures.LANDSCANLandscan is a series of infrared linescanning systems designed specifically for use in the hostile environment of the hot rolling mill.Landscan measures a thermal profile across a hot object w
39、hich generates and displays two dimensional temperature profiles using the latest Landscan WCA software. The entire system, including scan speed (100Hz), emissivity and outputs can be adjusted to suit individual requirements.1. Choice of 6 sensor heads for different application.2. Choice of 6 optica
40、l variants for accurate sighting onto target.3. Adjustable scan rate 5 to 25 scan/sec.PORTABLE THERMOMETERSThe Land Cyclops family of high quality portable infrared thermometers provides precision spot temperature measurement with unmatched accuracy and reliability. Features such as precise view of
41、target spot with simultaneous digital display of temperature in the viewfinder, choice of operating and calculating modes, digital output and out of range alarm are provided. There are also models which incorporate a laser targeting system to accurately pinpoint the measurement spot. Optional data p
42、rocessor, data logger and digital printer are also available which greatly expand the measurement and data analysis capabilities of Cyclops.STANDARD&FIBROPTIC THERMOMETERSThe System 4 fixed, on-line range operates as a three part system incorporating a high precision standard or fibroptic thermomete
43、r, a LANDMARK signal processing unit and a full range of protection jackets, mountings and purges. The standard thermometers offer different temperature ranges and focusing distances to provide a choice of measurement spot sizes and working distances. The fibroptic thermometers incorporates three se
44、parate parts, the optic head, the light guide and the amplifier which is linked to a LANDMARK signal processor. The use of fibre optics enables the detector and electronics to be located in an area where the ambient temperature is lower than that encountered at the measuring point, eliminating the r
45、equirement for water cooling of the thermometer at the measurement point. The lens head and fibre optics can withstand high ambient temperatures-up to 200C/400F as standard and up to 350C/660F to special order. Also, fibre optics allow access to a target surface which might otherwise be inaccessible
46、 or in a hostile location.APPLICATION DEDICATEDA range of thermometer systems have been designed to fulfil specific functions on the modern hot rolling mill. All have proven success in their specialist roles attaining high levels of performance, reliablility, flexibility and durabilityin their speci
47、fic application areas. They include the Furnace Thermometer System, the Spray Chamber System and the Understrip Thermometer System.For more than fifty five years LAND has supplied temperature measuring systems and instruments to many different industries all over the world. Now the world leader in n
48、on contact thermometry, our expert advice and support is never far away.WORLD LEADERSLAND is one of the world leaders in the manufacture of non contact temperature measurement systems, thermal imagers and linescanners.WORLDWIDE SUPPORT In addition to the companies established in the USA, Europe, Mexico and Japan, LAND is represented by distributors in most of the major industrial countries throughout the world. Our customers benefit, on a global basis, from practical and expert advice from fully trained technicians who are aware of Specific requirements for their country and industry.CALIBR
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