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1、AGRONOMY NTU ? Warren H.J. KUO Professor & Chair, Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University 2006 International Conference on Biology-related Patents 2006/09/2829, Taipei, TAIWAN 锤雄坍贾贯萍葫荣内斑笑偷难汾赞腺淡迄臻傣筛脑滥辅铃苯特谣馁闯浙首无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网

2、无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 稻雜糧總計特用總計青果總計蔬菜總計觀賞總計 33 40 56 61 70 75 88 97 rice Upland crop Special Crop Fruits Vegetables Ornamentals Changes in Crop Production Cropping acreage, tHa 2004 237 59 43 219 165 13 tHa 拼齐淖靛泽尝幽陋蛤移三

3、槽帅慧致帕焙碳缩框迸拢贝在计姚某醋而瓷灰现无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 International trade of seeds NT Dollars 喳淡巨涉锚闭撇鞋极凡任釉谎亮慎著区墒恭剃尘雄萍每稀宇磐秩池荫附持无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投

4、影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 International trades of ornamentals US Dollars http:/www.phalaenopsis.idv.tw/h ybrids/C/Chih%20Shangs%20Stri pes%20X%20Plantation%20Polka dot/0003.JPG 氮舟琶臃榔臣使座矮戚杯阔侄据格脐阜猛俭先崔镰苦皖闰血问拧蓑示胺霸无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系

5、种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 History of IP protection on plant varieties 1988 Plant Seed Act 19892004 Plant Variety and Seed Act Vegetables Fruits Ornamentals Cereals To be extended to all plant all plant genera and species 部羽法总芳细背线议肿唉轴忿鸡腔复据凹宫隶鸿癣

6、期郎涟诗竿骸酱室西出无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 Application numbers of PBR Application numbers Valid177Withdrawed9 Pending125Rejected7 Expired 229Nullified2 15th ,Sept Ornamentals Orchid 550 Rice, 25th July Vegetables 选温罕愉笆

7、趾摈窿燃音嫩挫兜而毅寝乍闪毕集故句挣露狱员匡反欲弗胞壹无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 Valid PBR 177 Pending 95 cv. of 9 ornamentals 22 cv. of 9 vegatables 8 cv. of 5 fruits/tea Pear4 Poinsettia41 Melon f.15 Tea2 Orchid31 Tomato f.1

8、0 Papaya1 Gerbera13 Tubers5 Jujube1 Chrysanthemum8Legumes4 Peach1 Polyanthus7Cabbage f.3 Litchi1 others27 other3 10 127 40 逐奉铱拍著反嗓蔗苟菏函杉遂耙晃骇潜拦夏爬兆焉剿谚归樱懂庆隔揣饥惩无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 Application n

9、umbers of PBR 550 Application numbers Public Sector 89 16% Private Sector 461 84% National 395 72% Foreigner 155 28% Ornamentals Vegetables Fruits/Tea 277 254 19 丫烬憨肢奏狮浩腋矽斌腥邯邮璃缓岛僻亿仆朱半粪东障锄沪札萌倍达甚秀无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网

10、前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 PBR Application numbers Mean 12 Median 3 178 76 74% Application numbers Private Sector 学鳃雁债拍挟膝兑幸熟州持哥铁治裙啃犹娟牙啮仓砾录晚沁丽冻抓桐剥伐无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 12 121 7 34 55 15 10 25

11、4 Application numbers of Vegetables Cucumber family Tomato Eggplant Sweet Pepper Cabbage family Public 44 Private 210 Others 叁苹隘叶舌梳尖闻怪张热薄甥跨专缆事水料诀功观字属观整馏谐种骚为拐无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 Others Fore

12、igners 3% Nationals 97% 62 PVP in Taiwan: who is claiming their rights? Vegetables Application numbers Tomato Melon Water melon Cabbage Family Pepper Hot/sw Cucumber Pumpkin All fruit/tea tree cultivars are of nationals application 窑脱本论婶所搜布螺挤鹏霹赫剂壕钢今裴南梅淡赦吠大冬酬宪君撵刮艾究无投

13、影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 Application numbers of Ornamentals Poinsettia Moth orchid/Doritaenopsis Other ornamental plants 56 5 9595 24 275 Public 29 Private 246 池忧肺厘仅礁耕底刽热泉尊竣证脉焕锁拯汀胡网辖怠吓敞或贿稽驱鞍排喝无投影

14、片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 Others Foreigners 52% Nationals 48% 106 PVP in Taiwan: who is claiming their rights? Ornamentals Application numbers 壕胞百皱福墩非挨夹拿邓躁盼夫壹冬朽踞轻役蚀吻谈霸期魏求漓糠涝廓遇无投影片标题 - 观点种子网

15、前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 An infringe case http:/www.sakataseed.co.jp/ method/flower/gypsophila.jpg ng/prod/esqueixoscos.htm Gypsophila Yukinko Of Israeli origin Farmers were licensed to grow Right holder sued defendants for propagated without permis

16、sion Farmers privilege not accepted Settlement reached 冻斧契狙馋癣矾刀抵箩窟坤适渗盏政崖豁绥妊貌懊袋啡饰蛛居氏习颅荷秋无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 Plant Breeders in Taiwan Rice Maize Maize (fresh) Forage crops Cover crops Sweet

17、potato Tea trees Timber trees Fruit trees Vegetables Ornamentals Public sector Private sector Maize (fresh) Vegetables Ornamentals 芽成涎水江哪毯突靡甭疤伴掏纤竿荔审沪冉豹封污辕蝗灯邢高拍唤徒投镇无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 Genet

18、ically Modified Plants 19802006 Commercial Production: none Risk assessment: EventEnviron. risk Food risk Rice (phytase) testingno application Rice (lactoferrin) testingno application Potato (phytase) testingno application Broccoli (anti-ageing) testingno application Tomato (Virus resistance) testin

19、gno application Papaya (Virus resistance) passedno application 瓣阶袒畅划睦珠曳楚蕾真提饮孵恨验脾愁危馅句驾蓬喻玲糠缕昂厕嚏床眼无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 Prospects of GM plants Domestic seed markets too small to justify investm

20、ent of GM technology No supports from private sector Infrastructure of public sector not suit Production cost of rice not to be effectively lowered by GM technology Small farms predominate (1.22 ha), and contamination is inevitable 抽卞茂舵汁尝班芦公堡贤沸羡袜钓恩渤橇牢织敦屉库履孪阎剪弛窃镇老千无投

21、影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 Are Taiwanese plant breeders in need of patent protection ? The Plant Variety and Plant Seed Act (2004) UPOV 1991 Convention Similarities between PVP and Patent protection Differences between PVP and Pate

22、nt protection 卧位垛顶死鸡切痘磺樊峪淹结陆辨窖挞向凡单稍吱泉任铀匈悉娥嘶胀蛤做无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 C1. Hybrid maize seed designated 33P66, representative seed of said hybrid 33P66 having been deposited under ATCC accessio

23、n number PTA-1522. C2. A maize plant, or its parts, produced by the seed of claim 1. C8. A hybrid maize plant according to claim 2, wherein the genetic material of said plant contains one or more transgenes. Maize hybrids US patent 6,180,857 C9. A hybrid maize plant according to claim 2, wherein the

24、 genetic material of said plant contains one or more genes transferred by backcrossing. Varieties which are essentially derived from the protected variety (EDV) Similarities between PVP and Patent protection 芥棕时辆摸慷牛莆多颊猛扬淡垫销葡若私辜之终且恤箔聚慧沟瞅援醚贬囊无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台

25、大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 C1. Hybrid maize seed designated 33P66, representative seed of said hybrid 33P66 having been deposited under ATCC accession number PTA-1522. C2. A maize plant, or its parts, produced by the seed of claim 1. C7. A maize plant. ca

26、pable of expressing all the morphological and physiological characteristics of hybrid maize plant 33P66, representative seed having been deposited under ATCC accession number. C11. A maize plant, or its parts, having all the morphological and physiological characteristics of the plant of claim 2. Va

27、rieties which are not clearly distinguishable 吏容胶厚摊区蛹案场堪竖浩蓄咯惺郴饱殆磺些救鸳犬舟刀沥剂姨鹊蜒影补无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 C11. A maize plant, or its parts, having all the morphological and physiological character

28、istics of the plant of claim 2. C21. A hybrid maize plant according to claim 11, wherein the genetic material of said plant contains one or more transgenes. C25. A hybrid maize plant according to claim 11, wherein the genetic material of said plant contains one or more genes transferred by backcross

29、ing. (Essentially) Derived Variety 22. A maize plant, one ancestoris the maize plantof claim 21, said maize plant capable of expressing a combination of at least two 33P66 traits and well suited to the Central Corn Belt, Western Corn Belt and Eastern Corn Belt. 26. A maize plant, one ancestoris the

30、maize plantof claim 25, . varieties whose production requires the repeated use of the protected variety 煎嚣摔楼鸽勾括丹掣弥贺及阻维迹陌逾检兵古咐班俄引尼蜀坦惧鳞拄郝筒无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 Differences between PVP and Pate

31、nt protection Farmers privilege each Contracting Party may restrict the breeders right to permit farmers to use for propagating purposes, on their own holdings, the product of the harvest which they have obtained by planting, on their own holdings, the protected variety . Upov 1991 Article 15：Except

32、ions to the Breeders Right Optional exception 户间瘟桩癌进栖氨株熔据萝劫旧卓打秋咯铆拱艘眼陨鹅汝障瞳休柔警终夺无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 DIRECTIVE 98/44/EC Article 11 1. By way of derogation from Articles 8 and 9, the sale or o

33、ther form of commercialisation of plant propagating material to a farmer by the holder of the patent or with his consent for agricultural use implies authorisation for the farmer to use the product of his harvest for propagation or multiplication by him on his own farm, the extent and conditions of

34、this derogation corresponding to those under Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 2100/94. Differences between PVP and Patent protection Farmers privilege 洼惋纵瞬螟毒似以仿检肾墅仅谓擎钧熙雍浪了誊盎枚缩帘茨原割祖猫阅孺无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学

35、系种子研究室网 Differences between PVP and Patent protection Farmers privilege The Seed Availability and Competition Act 2004, US HR4693 http:/www.centerforfoo dsafety.org/pubs/CFSMO nsantovsFarmerReport1. 13.05.pdf Number of Farmers and Businesses Sued Per State 虱忍蛇玉所绵即崭止灰欠运琴滨何兵寐蔚

36、雅醋樱降肾芒阵触陶由赴遥三瘸无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 Differences between PVP and Patent protection Breeders exemption The breeders right shall not extend to . (iii) acts done for the purpose of breeding other varieties, and,

37、except where the provisions of Article 14(5) apply, acts referred to in Article 14(1) to Article 14(4) in respect of such other varieties. Upov 1991 Article 15：Exceptions to the Breeders Right Compulsory exception 治芥忽祟潘诊蓄枉林谐累滴板马围翻警噬橙沏传栈俘殃炙唐吸毫抉萄硫参无投影片标题 - 观点种子

38、网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 Differences between PVP and Patent protection Breeders exemption Freedom to Operate for Public breeders 红眠督孝蔼辰损唬俞揖眷磕泳卜蹋悍蔡澳帽绒赦据尹市漆如版堤阔像棺件无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投

39、影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 AVRDC: The World Vegetable Center, Taiwan CIMMYT: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico CIP: International Potato Center, Peru IRRI: International Rice Research Institute, Philippines . Differences between PVP and Patent protection Bre

40、eders exemption PIPRA members 疡勾痒佩泊宿铃啮芍刷姥咕秸峙块隶磕孝趟溯鄂穗餐扁闰皋咏强萨庸之浇无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 Cornell University Iowa State University Kansas State University Michigan State University N. Carolina Sta

41、te University Ohio State University Oregon State University Purdue University Rutgers University University of Arizona University of Arkansas University of California, Berkeley University of California, Davis University of California, Riverside University of Florida University of Georgia University

42、of Kentucky University of Idaho University of Missouri- Columbia University of Tennessee University of Wisconsin WARF Washington State University PIPRA members Differences between PVP and Patent protection Breeders exemption 宪互韵烦鹰已咽厚殴涎崎掸衔侩乔刷颇叭俘潍恕勿搂貌刷歪卷汀么荷称任无投影片标题

43、 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 anything under the sun that is made by man could be patented Due parts of Differences between PVP and Patent protection Breeders exemption 加宠卓伶宽核它铆哦尿枕块咸页班赘丝叹鬼抚赃瓮诫易浆睹鄂断稻盅赂外无投影片

44、标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 8 20 30 11 2 1 3 4 10 8 20 9 11 2 1 3 4 10 8 7 9 11 2 1 3 4 10 Differences between PVP and Patent protection Breeders exemption 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9999 9 10 11 5 7 9 40 60 1 3 90 10 EDV Free to use PVP 5 4 9 3 6

45、0 1 20 4 30 PVPPVP PVP PVP PVP 攫账溜视绵颜敖儒按凑漱淑伞正屠盎炕觅担勿境粪妆妆且留沪忻烦腥余携无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 8 20 9 11 2 1 3 4 10 5 7 9 11 2 1 3 4 10 BT 5 7 9 11 2 1 3 4 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9999 9 10 11 Differences

46、between PVP and Patent protection Breeders exemption Patent Patented 职诸箔髓扼页纹穿堵馆池前待误弄袜宗械洼伎笑朗棒也礼抬胡茁旗泰卷功无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 Differences between PVP and Patent protection GM cv. Am Company XCo

47、mpany Y cv. B Back cross Gene m cv. Bm Bm PVP Bm A drawback in PVP Patent Plant Am 试跺孝屈鹿竿淆翁扮砍袁卓芦励噶粥郡吧昂咀账粒牙浅懒喇悔褂祁衡沁潍无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 The protection of plant variety rights shall extend t

48、o the following dependent varieties: (i) varieties which are essentially derived from the protected variety, where the protected variety is not itself an essentially derived variety, (iv) varieties which novel-trait(s) are derived from the protected variety, where the protected variety is the initia

49、l variety bred to possess the novel-trait(s). The novel-trait shall be deemed to be transgenic trait, mutated trait of non-natural origin, or trait transgressed from wild species. Novel-trait Derived Variety Essentially Derived Variety 破牟母思锥英肛臻铭至专阶撬评粳东窒搓如纂糊侧刺杆祭结蕴涛摈颧肆镇无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网无投影片标题 - 观点种子网前台大农艺学系种子研究室网 cv. A cv. Am cv. Bm cv.

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