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1、sson 1 A private conversation 私人谈话Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the
2、 man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. I cant hear a word! I said angrily. Its none of your business, the young man said rudely. This is a private conversation!.Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch? 早餐还是午餐？It was Sunday. I never get
3、up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunch time.Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. What a day! I thought. Its raining again. Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. Ive just arrived by train, she said. Im coming to see you. But
4、Im still having breakfast, I said.What are you doing ? she asked. Im having breakfast, I repeated.Dear me, she said. Do you always get up so late ? Its one oclock!Lesson 3 Please send me a card 请给我寄一张明信片 Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in p
5、ublic gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Every day I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send any cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up
6、 early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card !Lesson 4 An exciting trip 激动人心的旅行I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and h
7、e has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding t
8、his trip very exciting.Lesson 5 No wrong numbers 无错号之虞 Mr James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst. Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons. Yesterday, a pi
9、geon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury. The bird covered the distance in three minutes. Up to now, Mr Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. In this way, he has begun his own private telephone service.Lesson 6 Per
10、cy Buttons 珀西巴顿斯I have just moved to a house in Bridge Street. Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door. He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer. In return for this, the beggar stood on his head and sang songs. I gave him a meal. He ate the food and drank the beer. Then he put a piece of cheese in h
11、is pocket and went away. Later a neighbour told me about him. Everybody knows him. His name is Percy Buttons. He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.Lesson 7 Too late 为时太晚 The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all mor
12、ning. They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamond from South Africa. A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield. Two
13、 men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House. While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!Lesson 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最差的Joe Sanders has the most beautiful ga
14、rden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for The Nicest Garden Competition each year, but Joe wins every time. Bill Friths garden is larger than Joes. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joes garden is more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built a wooden
15、 bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work. Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!Lesson 9 A cold welcome 冷遇On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall. It was the last day of the year and a la
16、rge crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock. It would strike twelve in twenty minutes time. Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped. The big minute hand did not move. We waited and waited, but nothing happened. Suddenly someone shouted, Its two minutes pa
17、st twelve! The clock has stopped! I looked at my watch. It was true. The big clock refused to welcome the New Year. At that moment everybody began to laugh and sing.Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord(翼琴). It was made in Germany in 1681. Our cl
18、avichord is kept in the living-room. It has belong to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. No
19、w we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来I was having dinner at a restaurant when Harry Steele came in. Harry worked in a lawyers office years ago, but he is now working at a bank. He gets a good salary, but he alwa
20、ys borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. Harry saw me and came and sat at the same table. He has never borrowed money from me. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me &2. To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately. I have never borrowed any money from you, Harry said, so n
21、ow you can pay for my dinner!Lesson 12 Goodbye and good luck 再见，一路顺风Our ncighbour, Captain Charles Alison, will sail from Portsmouth tomorrow. We shall meet him at the harbour early in the morning. He will be in his small boat, Topsail.Tapsail is a famous little boat. It has sailed across the Atlant
22、ic many times. Captain Alison will set out at eight oclock so we shall have plenty of time. We shall see his boat and then we shall say good-bye to him. He will be away for two months. We are very proud of him. He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic.Lesson 13 The Greenwood Boys 绿
23、林少年The Greenwood Boys are a group of popular singers. At present, they are visiting all parts of the country. They will be arriving here tomorrow. They will be coming by train and most of the youngpeople in the town will be meeting them at the station. Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the Wo
24、rkers Club. The Greenwood Boys will be staying for five days. During this time, they will give five performances. As usual, the police will have a difficult time. They will be trying to keep order. It is always the same on these occasions.Lesson 14 Do you speak English? 你会讲英语吗？I had an amusing exper
25、ience last year. After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town. On the way, a young man waved to me. I stopped and he asked me for a lift. As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language. Apart from a
26、 few words, I do not know any French at all. Neither of us spoke during the journey. I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, Do you speak English? As I soon learnt, he was English himself!Lesson 15 Good news 佳音 The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see
27、 me. I felt very nervous when. I went into his office. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come. Mr. Ha
28、rmsworth, I said in a weak voice. Dont interrupt, he Said. Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra &100 a year!Lesson 16 A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. Howe
29、ver, this does not always happen. Traffic police are sometimes very polite. During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: Sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a No Parking area. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder. If yo
30、u receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!Lesson 17 Always young 青年常驻My aunt Jennifer is an actress. She must be at least thirty-five years old. In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. This time, she will b
31、e a girl of seventeen. In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress. If anyone ever asked her how old she is, she always answers, My dear, it must be terrible to be grown up!les
32、son18 He often does this! 他经常干这种事！After I had had lunch at a village inn, I looked for my bag. I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasnt there ! As I was looking for it, the inn-keeper came in. Did you have a good meal ? he asked. Yes, thank you, I answered, but I cant pay the bill.
33、I havent got my bag. The inn-keeper smiled and immediately went out. In a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to me. Im very sorry, he said My dog had taken it into the garden. He often does this.Lesson19 Sold out 票已售完The play may begin at any moment, I said. It may have begun alrea
34、dy, Susan answered.I hurried to the ticket-office. May I have two tickets please ? I asked.Im sorry, weve sold out, the girl said.What a pity! Susan2万吨淀粉加工项目可行性研究报告二一二年二月第一章 总论1.1 项目名称及承办单位1.1.1 项目名称欧肯河农场淀粉厂1.1.2 项目承办单位或建设单位大兴安岭农场管理局欧肯河农场1.1.3 项目主管部门欧肯河农场1.1.4 项目拟建地点：欧肯农场场部原机修厂。1.2 研究工作的依据与范围1.2.1 研
35、究工作的依据a、欧肯河农场淀粉加工项目可行性研究报告需要的技术资料。b、欧肯河农场淀粉厂区域图。c、水质分析报告。1.2.2 研究工作的范围a、本次对年产1000吨马铃薯淀粉工程项目进行可行性研究。b、对项目的产品质量和生产规模以及市场销售情况进行分析和预测。c、对产品生产路线及主要生产设备选择提出意见。d、对环境保护措施进行论证。e、对项目的工程量实施进度计划安排提出建议。f、对项目的企业组织定员提出设想方案。1.3 项目的主要内容及其意见1.3.1 主要内容a、项目背景：欧肯河农场位于大兴安岭东南麓，属大兴安岭向松嫩平原过渡地带的丘陵漫岗区，行政区划在莫力达瓦达斡尔自治旗和鄂伦春自治旗境内
36、，离东北名镇大杨树镇15公里。农场施业区总面积47713公顷，其中耕地面积9748公顷。主要农作物有大豆、小麦、饭豆、马铃薯等。全场现有21 个核算单位，其中农业生产队12个，全场总人口5224人，职工人数1430人，各类专业技术人员131人。欧肯河农场在种植马铃薯方面积累了丰富的经验，在该场建设一个小型马铃薯淀粉厂前景非常广阔。b、产品市场需求：马铃薯淀粉在国内需求很大，并且需求在按11%的速度增长。而且真正在质量上能达到国际质量标准的很少。生产增长率每年仅达7%，呈供不应求之势。c、建厂条件：111国道距离欧肯河农场11公里，农场自养沙石公路80公里，各生产队交通便利。项目区内由莫旗电网供
37、电，可满足生产和生活需要。农场通讯事业发展迅速，程控电话、移动通讯、传真十分方便、快捷，农场及周边地区有土地可种植马铃薯面积达2多万亩，原料充足。d、生产工艺及主要设备：本项目生产工艺主要设备均选国内马铃薯淀粉加工工艺及主要设备，提取率高达8082%，每吨马铃薯消耗清水3.54吨，节水。淀粉质量指标达到国内水平。e、项目总投资为197万元，其中建设投资147万元，流动资金50万元。投资回收期5.1年（所得税后）。1.4 产品方案、生产规模及主要技术经济指标1.4.1 产品方案与生产规模产品方案产品名称数量(吨)备注1马铃薯淀粉1000主产品2薯渣饲料6000付产品1.4.2 主要技术经济指标序
38、号指 标单位数量备注1生产规模马铃薯淀粉吨/年10002产品方案马铃薯淀粉吨/年1000薯渣饲料吨/年60003总投资万元197其中：建设投资万元147 流动资金万元504投资指标4.1单位产品占用建设投资元/单位产品14704.2百元销售收入占用流动资金元/百元15.25全公司定员总计人20其中：工人人16 管理人员人2 技术人员人1 其他人员人16全年生产天数D907原材料、物料、燃料需用量马铃薯吨/年 8000包装袋个/年 40000序号指标单位数量备注8年总成本万元 261.27平均9年销售收入万元 329达产年10年利润总额万元 39.78平均11投资回收期a 3.5所得税前12投资
39、利税率% 30.1413投资利润率% 20.1914财务内部收益率% 37.59所得税前15投资回收期a 5.1所得税后16财务内部收益率% 21.94所得税后171819第二章 项目提出的背景随着科技进步和加工业的发展，人们生活水平的提高，马铃薯已不仅是人类的粮食、蔬菜、畜牧业的良好饲料，而是用途广泛的营养食品和重要的工业原料。马铃薯营养价值非常丰富，在欧州有“第二面包”之称，美国农业部门高度评价马铃薯的营养价值，认为每餐只吃马铃薯和全脂奶粉即可获得人体所需的全部营养元素。由于人们饮食结构的变化，食品加工业的发展，马铃薯作为营养食品、休闲食品、方便食品，如炸薯条、薯泥、膨化食品等备受欢迎。作
40、为工业原料，马铃薯淀粉、变性淀粉等深加工产品已有3000多种问世，并在石油、造纸、纺织、铸造、医药、制革、防火、能源、包装、塑料，化工等工业领域中广泛应用。由此可见马铃薯及其深加工产品广泛用途是其它任何农产品不能比的。消费市场的潜力及前景非常广阔。项目的主管部门为大兴安岭农场管理局欧肯河农场，隶属于大兴安岭农场管理局。位于大兴安岭东南麓，具有高纬度、高海拔，昼夜温差大，具有得天独厚的马铃薯生长发育的地理优势和自然条件。产品具有产量高、品质好、种薯退化慢等特点。农场职工多年种植马铃薯，并积累了丰富的经验。为了调整产业结构，实施农业产业化，带动职工致富达小康，拉动地区性经济，故提出淀粉生产加工项目
41、。 第三章 市场需求预测与建设规模由玉米、马铃薯、木薯和其他含淀粉农作物生产的淀粉产品称为淀粉。以马铃薯为原料生产的淀粉与其它淀粉相比具有较长的分子结构，较高的支链淀粉含量，淀粉颗粒的尺寸较大，因此成糊后表现出其它淀粉所不具有的特性，如成糊后粘度较高，成糊稳定，且晶莹透明，具有较好的粘弹性。由于马铃薯淀粉具有这些优良特性，广泛用于食品、化工、纺织、医药、造纸、铸造等行业。3.1马铃薯淀粉市场需求现状3.1.1国内需求现状马铃薯含有淀粉、维生素、蛋白质以及磷、铁、无机盐等十几种营养成分。与大米、面粉相比，它的营养更加合理、全面。据美国农业部介绍，每餐只食用马铃薯和全脂奶粉，便可得到人体所需的全部
42、营养物。我国马铃薯生产在世界居第一位，但基本上以食用鲜马铃薯为主，加工的马铃薯制品仅占10%，现将我国近年淀粉产量列表如下：全国淀粉产量汇总表单位：万吨年份19941995199619971998淀粉240260.5265270386.7其中：马铃薯淀粉2.42.032.93.44.2据统计我国目前能生产符合国家标准马铃薯淀粉的厂家约二十家，生产能力为19万吨，占我国淀粉总产量不足2%，而且用于加工淀粉的马铃薯数量仅占鲜薯总产量的3，主要原因是对马铃薯淀粉开发认识不足，加之受资金影响。国内市场马铃薯淀粉年需要量在3540万吨左右，其中天津顶新集团和旺旺食品年需6万吨，目前由于国内符合高产品质量
43、的淀粉不够，该集团大部分从国外进口马铃薯淀粉。3.1.2国外需求现状全世界马铃薯产量大约在3亿吨，主要生产国为中国、俄罗斯、波兰、美国、德国、荷兰等。据介绍，世界马铃薯生产总量的52%用作食品，34%用于禽畜饲料，10%作种用，4%用于酒精和淀粉的生产。荷兰是世界上最大的马铃薯出口国，全国有四分之一的土地种植马铃薯，每年收获总量大约60%用于出口。而美国则是世界上最大的马铃薯食品生产国，每年把收获总量一半以上的马铃薯用于食品生产。美国淀粉工业最为发达，淀粉人均耗量约60公斤/年.人左右，欧洲、日本等发达国家人均耗量在10公斤/年.人以上，由此可见国外淀粉消费量是比较高的。3.2马铃薯淀粉市场销
44、售预测我国消耗淀粉量仅3公斤/年.人，与世界发达国家相比有很大差距，同时也可看出市场消费潜力很大。本项目建成投产后，年产马铃薯淀粉1000吨，依靠现在市场销售渠道，销售市场是比较乐观的。3.3产品方案根据市场情况确定项目产品方案如下：产品名称单位数量质量标准主产品：马铃薯淀粉吨/年1000国标GB8884-88副产品：薯渣饲料吨/年6000固形含量14%3.4建设规模3.4.1产品销售市场。本项目产品销售市场比较宽广，故从市场情况看对项目规模无约束。3.4.2原材料情况。当地马铃薯种植面积较稳定，商品马铃薯供应量在1.5万吨以上。故近期建设规模年生产1000吨马铃薯淀粉原料对项目规模无约束。第
45、四章 建设条件与厂址4.1资源4.1.1马铃薯马铃薯是粮菜兼用的高产作物，营养价值非常丰富，在欧洲有“第二面包”之称，美国农业部门高度评价马铃薯的营养价值，认为每餐只吃马铃薯和全脂奶粉即可获得人体所需的全部营养元素。作为工业原料，马铃薯淀粉，变性淀粉、全粉等深加工产品已有三千多种问世，并在石油、造纸、纺织等工业领域中广泛应用，由此看出马铃薯经济价值高。马铃薯能在不适宜种植谷物的地区生长，欧肯河农场淀粉厂地址位于大兴安岭东南麓，高纬度，高海拔，昼夜温差大，具有得天独厚的马铃薯生产发育的地理优势和自然条件，马铃薯产量高，品质好，种薯退化慢等优点。当地农民有栽培经验，欧肯河农场计划在3年内达到马铃薯
46、种植面积1.5万亩，可以满足1000吨马铃薯原料供应。4.2动力4.2.1供汽本项目生产规模小，日生产11吨淀粉，用QG-0.5的气流干燥机就可满足需要。4.3.2供电本项目生产用电设备的总装机容量199.25KW，由欧肯河农场变电所供给。4.2.3供水本项目生产用水及生活用水量最大14.66m3/时，平均用水13.75m3/时，由本厂机井供给，保证供水要求。4.3厂址4.4.1厂址选择本项目厂址拟建于距鄂伦春自治旗大杨树镇15公里处的欧肯河农场场部。位于马铃薯产地，交通方便，距大杨树火车站15公里，距111国道11公里，通讯设施完善，信息畅通，适合本项目建厂。4.3.2自然条件厂址位于鄂伦春旗大杨树镇东北部，地理坐标在东经120021243950，北纬49434959之间。属于大兴安岭向松嫩平原的过渡地带，土地较平坦，海拔高度在 260至 300米之间，最高气温可达36，年有效积温在2000左右。厂区地势平坦，气候属严寒带大陆性季风气候，寒暑变化明显，温差悬殊。4.3.3地质条件地表有0