1、2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题For some time now, there has been a （ ） position among high-level policymakers calling for evidence-based practices in the United States and overseas.问题1选项A.wide disseminatingB.wide disseminatedC.widely disseminatingD.widely disseminated【答案】D【解析】语法题。根据题意，空格应
2、该为名词position “工作”的定语，因为disseminate和position之前存在被动关系，表示“被传播的工作”，所以选用-ed分词作定语，表被动。副词修饰动词，所以选用widely “广泛地”。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题On May 3, 1989, committal proceedings began in respect of six officers who were charged with conspiracy to （ ）the course of justice.问题1选项A.pervertB.perturbC.preventD.profane【答案】B【解析】
3、动词词义辨析。pervert “使堕落，滥用”；perturb “扰乱，使不安”；prevent “预防，阻止”；profane “亵渎，玷污”。句意：1989年5月3日，拘押进程开始于六名官员，他们被控告共谋扰乱司法公正。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题The area where conventional microeconomics would raise eyebrows if not ring alarm bells is how capitalist development of Internet-related industries has （ ） generated conside
4、rable market concentration at almost every level.问题1选项A.inexorablyB.yearninglyC.placablyD.relentingly【答案】A【解析】副词词义辨析。inexorably “无情地，不可阻挡地”； yearningly “思念地，渴望地”；placably “易安抚地”；relentingly “仁慈地”。句意：该地区的微观经济可能会引人侧目，如果不敲响警钟，互联网相关产业的资本主义发展如何在几乎所有层面上不可阻挡地产生了相当大的市场集中度。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题In addition, the sear
5、ch for new economic models that prioritize inclusive and sustainable growth （ ）new, and more active, roles for territories in policy design and implementation.问题1选项A.has called onB.has called toC.is calling upD.is calling for【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。call on “访问，号召”；call to “呼唤，打电话给”；call up打电话;召集”；call for “要求
6、提倡”。句意：此外，对新经济模式的寻求要求政策设计及执行方面扮演一个新的、积极的觉角色，这种经济模式是优先考虑包容性和可持续增长的。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题There are plans to give everyone （ ） insurance, allow leave from work for anyone with a sick child or elderly relative to look after, and enforce a seven-day wait for anyone wanting to buy a handgun.问题1选项A.afforded heal
7、thyB.affordable healthC.afforded healthD.affordable healthy【答案】B【解析】语法和固定搭配。根据空格前的give可知空格中应该填入形容词。afforded是动词afford的过去式和过去分词，所以排除A和C项。affordable “买得起的”，health“健康”，healthy“健康的”。句意：有计划给予每个人买得起的健康保险。health insurance “健康保险”，为固定搭配。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题As a general rule, private individuals are free to refuse t
8、o buy goods or services from a business （ ） that the business has trading links with a country which is under the control of a government of which they disapprove.问题1选项A.on the groundB.on the groundsC.for the groundD.for the grounds【答案】B【解析】介词词组辨析。on the ground“在地上，在决斗”；on the grounds“由于.的原因”；for不能和
9、ground搭配，所以排除C和D项。句意：一般来说，个人可以自由地拒绝从一个企业购买商品或者服务，原因是该企业与他们不赞成的政府控制的国家有贸易联系。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题In a world food system that they have described in the book, food （ ） transported at reasonable cost and produced anywhere in the world is actually or potentially available to any person with the means to purcha
10、se it.问题1选项A.can beB.to beC.that can beD.being【答案】C【解析】语法题。根据题意，句子的主语是food，谓语动词是is，所以空格部分应该填入非谓语动词或从句。选项A可排除。动词不定式表将来，-ing分词表现在进行。空格中填入的动词形式体现一般现在时态即可。所以that 引导定语从句，从句构成被动语态。选项C符合题意。8. 单选题Cool musicians demanded respect, and when （ ）didnt blow up, but, like the president, responded （ ）.问题1选项A.attack
11、ed . stoicallyB.attacking . stoicC.attacked . stoicD.attacking . stoically【答案】A【解析】语法题。根据句意和句子结构，句子的主语为cool musicians，when后面的空格应该是指当音乐家受到攻击时，所以主语musicians和动词attack之间存在被动关系，用attacked过去分词来修饰音乐家，故选项B和D可排除。又根据responded动词，可判断第二空格应填入副词修饰动词，故选项B和C可排除。句意：冷酷的音乐家需要尊重，当被攻击时，当他们受到的攻击没有爆发时，他们就像总统一样，反应冷静。选项A符合题意。
12、9. 单选题From the earliest decades of colonization to the 20th century, Americans have celebrated and largely taken for granted the seemingly endless bounty of their land. Not until the early twentieth century did a significant conservation movement develop before the prodding of professional resource
13、managers like the forester Gifford Pinchot, and politicians like Theodore Roosevelt. The movement was a response to an evident dwindling of know mineral resources, the decimation of virgin forests, and a decline in the fish and game available to sportsmen. It was also an integral expression of the p
14、olitical movement known as progressivism, which stressed, among other things, the use of government power, guided by scientific knowledge and democratic principles, to solve national, social, and economic problems. The progressive conservationists pushed into existence a substantial body of legislat
15、ion at state and national levels that aimed at the rational management of resources. For the most part, however, these laws had more form than substance, and in practice the exploitation of nature continued and largely unchecked.By the 1920s progressivism had faded away, but its enthusiasm for scien
16、tific management and research remained active in the business community. Both the commitment to resource management research by industry and the allocation of funds to seek out untapped resources grew rapidly. Science and technology linked up more closely than before to devise means for their exploi
17、tation.The amalgam of science, technology, and business interests not only fostered the continued growth of older industries, but also spawned new industries that fostered economic expansion at great environmental cost. The development of electric power raised manufacturing productivity and the mate
18、rial standard of living, but also polluted the air through the combustion of fossil fuels in huge amounts. The spread of automotive transportation entailed mobility and productivity, but exacted the price of long-term environmental costs, voracious energy consumption, and expropriation of land for r
19、ailways. The multifaceted petrochemical industry listed among its benefits better agricultural productivity from the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, but contributed heavily to air, water, and soil pollution. The aviation industry promoted mobility and cohesion within the nation and helpe
20、d to end American isolation from the rest of the world, but promoted a new dimension of air and noise pollution, energy demands, and pressure on scarce land in urban areas for airports.American urbanization and industrialization continued to accelerate between World War I and the 1970s, with only a
21、temporary slump in the depression era. Demand for iron, steel, coal, oil, gas, water, and food rocked ahead during these years, stimulated particularly by the economic growth associated with World War II. By the 1970s the industrial might of the United States was an overpowering national and global
22、reality. With six percent of the worlds people, it consumes annually some thirty-five percent of the worlds available resources, while generating proportionate burdens of harmful wastes. While Americans have been proud of their technical and industrial preeminence, it was only in the 1950s that pers
23、uasive environmental thinking began to remind them that being an economic superpower is a mixed blessing with profound ecological consequences.1.The Americans have always believed that the United States （ ）.2.Progress in environmental protection in the United States would not have been possible if i
24、t had not been for （ ）.3.The authors attitude towards environmental laws and regulations in the United States is （ ）.4.In paragraph 3, the author tries to account for （ ）in the United States.5.The last sentence of the passage means that （ ）.问题1选项A.has the largest land area in the worldB.enjoys inexh
25、austible resourcesC.is a democracy that is celebrated by other countriesD.will develop a conservation movement before the prodding of professional resource managers and politicians问题2选项A.the commitments of key professionals and politiciansB.hard evidences of environmental degradationC.the prevalent
26、political ideologyD.all the above问题3选项A.criticalB.misleadingC.positiveD.neutral问题4选项A.the decline of progressivismB.continued technological and economic advancesC.worsening ecological conditionsD.the contributions of resources in industrial growth问题5选项A.economic progress has taken a serious toll on
27、ecology in the United StatesB.the economic status of the United States is a blessingC.the Americans should be reminded of the need to protect natureD.the United States needs to conduct profound ecological research【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章开头，“Americans have celebrated and largely
28、taken for granted the seemingly endless bounty of their land.”，可知美国人庆祝并且理所当然地认为他们的土地资源似乎无穷无尽。可推断出美国人始终相信，他们的可以享受无穷无尽的资源。选项B符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Not until the early twentieth century did a significant conservation movement develop before the prodding of professional resource managers”，可知专业资深管理人员发起了进
29、步运动。以及下文提到一些进步主义者提出制定法律对资源进行合理利用。选项A和C符合题意。又根据文章第二段和第三段提到了美国的环境问题，可知环境退化已经具有了确凿的证据，选项B符合题意。所以A，B，C三项都包括，选项D符合题意。3.作者态度题。根据文章第一段最后一句，“these laws had more form than substance, and in practice the exploitation of nature continued and largely unchecked.”，可知作者认为这些法律的形式多于实质，在实践中，对自然的剥削仍在继续，而且没有受到限制。所以作者对美
30、国环保法律法规的态度是批判的。选项A符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章第三段，“The amalgam of science, technology, and business interests not only fostered the continued growth of older industries, but also spawned new industries that fostered economic expansion at great environmental cost.”，可知科学、技术和商业利益的融合不仅促进了老工业的持续增长，而且还催生了以环境问题为代价的促进经济
31、扩张的新工业。下文继续举例说明了一些工业和经济的发展给环境带来了巨大的破坏。可推断出作者在第三段主要是解释了美国环境恶化的原因。选项C符合题意。5.推断题。根据文章最后一句，“it was only in the 1950s that persuasive environmental thinking began to remind them that being an economic superpower is a mixed blessing with profound ecological consequences.”，可知直到20世纪50年代，有说服力的环境思想才开始提醒他们，成为一
32、个经济超级大国是一件喜忧参半的事情，经济的发展同时也带来了严重的生态环境问题。可推断出经济的发展对美国的生态环境造成了严重的破坏。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题But the changes, even at this early stage of the 2012 campaign, have proven more dramatic and （ ）than all but the most （ ） analyst had imagined.问题1选项A.exciting . pessimisticB.unsettling . fretfulC.upsetting . optimisticD
33、discomposing . lighthearted【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。Exciting “兴奋的，激动的”； pessimistic “悲观的”； unsettling “使人不安的”； fretful “焦躁的”； upsetting “令人苦恼的”； optimistic “乐观的”； discomposing “使不安”； lighthearted “无忧无虑的”。句意：但事实证明，即便是在2012年竞选早期，这些变化也比最焦躁不安的分析学家想象的更为剧烈和令人不安。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题Many people who are otherwise commit
34、ted to low-carbon life-styles will （ ） from participating in an action that might involve significant levels of police harassment or even violence.问题1选项A.take offB.be taken offC.put offD.be put off【答案】A【解析】固定搭配和语法题。take off “离开，起飞”；put off “脱下”。句意：许多坚持低碳生活的人将拒绝参加那些大量警察干预甚至暴力的行动。所以是主动从这些活动中离开，不参加。选项A
35、符合题意。12. 单选题Classics is a subject that exists in that gap between us and the world of the Greeks and Romans. The questions raised by Classics are the questions raised by our distance from their world and at the same time by our closeness to it, and by its familiarity to us in our museums, in our lit
36、erature, languages, culture, and ways of thinking. The aim of Classics is not only to discover or uncover the ancient world (though that is part of it, as the rediscovery of Bassae). Its aim is also to define and debate our relationship to that world. This book will explore that relationship, and it
37、s history, starting from a spectacle that is familiar, but, at the same time, can become puzzling and strange: dismembered fragments of an ancient Greek temple put on show in the British Museum. In Latin the word museum once indicated; a temple of the Muses； in what respects is the modem museum the
38、right place to preserve treasures from a classical temple? Does it only look the part? The issues raised by Bassae provide a model for understanding Classics in its widest sense. Of course, Classics is about more than the physical remains, the architecture, sculpture and painting, of ancient Greece
39、and Rome. It is also about the poetry, philosophy, science and history written in the ancient world and still read and debated as part of our culture. But here too, essentially similar issues are at stake, questions about how we are to read literature which has a history of more than 2,000 years, wr
40、itten in a society very distant and different from our own. To read Platos writings on philosophical topics, for example, involves facing that difference, and trying to understand a society, the ancient Greece, in which writing came not in printed books but on papyrus rolls, each one copied by the h
41、and of a slave; and in which philosophy was still thought of as an activity that went on in the open air life of the city, and was part of a social world of drinking and dinner. Even when philosophy became a subject for study in lecture and classroom, in its own right, it remained a very different b
42、usiness from our own academic tradition - for all that Platos school was the original Academy named after a suburb of Athens. On the other hand, remote or not, to read Plato is also to lead philosophy that belongs to us, not just to them. Plato is still the most commonly read philosopher in the worl
43、d; and as we read him now, we inevitably read him as part of our philosophical tradition, in the light of all those philosophers who have come since, who themselves had read Plato. Every survival from the classical world is, of course, unique. At the same time, as this book will show, there are prob
44、lems, stories, questions, significances that all those survivals hold in common; there is a place in our cultural story that they (and only they) share. That, and reflection on that, amounts to Classics. 1.According to the passage, which of the following can be inferred about Classics?2.According to
45、 the passage, which of the following is NOT true of Plato?3.The word “them” in paragraph 4 refers to （ ）.4.The passage is most likely a part of （ ）.5.The title that best expresses the idea of the passage is （ ）问题1选项A.Classics can only be understood from the treasure in the modem museums.B.Classics m
46、ay just be snapshots of the ancient world.C.Classics are not only for one age but also for all time.D.Only those appearing in ancient Greece can be called Classics.问题2选项A.Plato lived in a time when paper was made from the papyrus plant.B.Plato lived in a time when philosophy is part of peoples daily
47、 life.C.Platos writings were found in the Temple of Bassae.D.Platos writings are read by all people both in ancient times and at present.问题3选项A.the ancient peopleB.Platos studentsC.the Greek slavesD.philosophers问题4选项A.conclusionB.afterwordC.prefaceD.book review问题5选项A.Us and Them: ClassicsB.Philosophy and PlatoC.Museum and ClassicsD.Classics【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.推断题。根据文章第一段，“The ques
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