1、PLC和组态软件PLC自动控制已被广泛应用于工业领域的动机可编程控制器,是理查德e.莫莉于1968年发明的,其应用领域包括制造系统,运输系统,化工设备等,不胜枚举。当时,PLC用软连线逻辑梯形图 编程语言取代硬件逻辑电路, 并因此而减少了配置时间,从6个月减至6天24,000莫莉,1999.基于PLC的控制技术较高的性能,低廉的价格,和在恶劣的环境中优越的可靠性,大部分工业应用已经开始使用并将被坚持。此外,根据一项研究苏利文1995关于PLC的调查研究,年销售量增加额为15万,每年提供硬件价值超过 8亿美元,已预言,尽管硬件价格正在稳步下降。 发明者理查德e莫莉, 认为在当前时间,公平的PLC
2、市场产业为50亿元的。 随着微电子技术和计算机技术的迅速发展，PLC（即可编程控制器）在工业控制领域内得到十分广泛地应用。PLC是一种基于数字计算机技术、专为在工业环境下应用而设计的电子控制装置，它采用可编程序的存储器，来控制各种类型的机电一体化设备和生产过程。随着企业提出的高柔性、高效益的要求，人们在面临规模更大、更复杂的生产劳动时，不仅费时费力，而且得不偿失。因此，自动成型系统的出现并广泛应用成为历史的必然。材料成型设备与计算机技术和智能技术相结合的智能型材料成型设备是今后的主要发展方向。用PLC控制的自动成型系统，代替了手工作坊，既可以满足工业控制系统对于开放性和快速性的要求，又可以满足
3、用户对稳定性和可靠性的要求。利用自动成型技术，可以有效地为客户降低生产成本、提高生产效率，实现收益的增长。组态软件产生的背景 “组态”的概念是伴随着集散型控制系统distributed control system简称dcs）的出现才开始被广大的生产过程自动化技术人员所熟知的。在工业控制技术的不断发展和应用过程中，pc（包括工控机）相比以前的专用系统pc技术保持了较快的发展速度，各种相关技术已臻成熟；由pc构建的工业控制系统pc的软件资源和硬件资丰富，软件之间的互操作性强；基于pc的控制系统pc技术向工业控制领域的渗透中，组态软件占据着非常特殊而且重要的地位。组态软件是指一些数据采集与过程控制
4、的专用软件，它们是在自动控制系统hmi（人机接口软件，human machine interface）的概念，组态软件应该是一个使用户能快速建立自己的hmi的软件工具，或开发环境。在组态软件出现之前，工控领域的用户通过手工或委托第三方编写hmi应用，开发时间长，效率低，可靠性差；或者购买专用的工控系统scada、通讯及联网、开放数据接口、对i/o设备的广泛支持已经成为它的主要内容，随着技术的发展，监控组态软件将会不断被赋予新的内容。，通常是封闭的系统，选择余地小，往往不能满足需求，很难与外界进行数据交互，升级和增加功能都受到严重的限制。组态软件的出现，把用户从这些困境中解脱出来，可以利用组态软
5、件的功能，构建一套最适合自己的应用系统。随着它的快速发展，实时数据库、实时控制、监控层一级的软件平台和开发环境，使用灵活的组态方式，为用户提供快速构建工业自动控制系统监控功能的、通用层次的软件工具。组态软件应该能支持各种工控设备和常见的通信协议，并且通常应提供分布式数据管理和网络功能。对应于原有的易于学习和使用，可以容易地得到技术方面的支持。在具有相对较低的拥有成本；具有的优势日趋明显。组态软件在我国的发展及国内外主要产品介绍组态软件产品于80年代初出现，并在80年代末期进入我国。但在90年代中期之前，组态软件在我国的应用并不普及。究其原因，大致有以下几点：国内用户还缺乏对组态软件的认识，项目
6、中没有组态软件的预算，或宁愿投入人力物力针对具体项目做长周期的繁冗的上位机的编程开发，而不采用组态软件；在很长时间里，国内用户的软件意识还不强，面对价格不菲的进口软件（早期的组态软件多为国外厂家开发），很少有用户愿意去购买正版。当时国内的工业自动化和信息 随着工业控制系统mis（管理信息management information system）和cims（计算机computer integrated manufacturing system）的大量应用，要求工业现场为企业的生产、经营、决策提供更详细和深入的数据，以便优化企业生产经营中的各个环节。因此，在1995年以后，组态软件在国内的应用逐
7、渐得到了普及。下面就对几种组态软件分别进行介绍。集成制造系统，系统应用的深入，在面临规模更大、控制更复杂的控制系统时，人们逐渐意识到原有的上位机编程的开发方式。对项目来说是费时费力、得不偿失的，同时，技术应用的水平还不高，组态软件提供了对大规模应用、大量数据进行采集、监控、处理并可以将处理的结果生成管理所需的数据，这些需求并未完全形成。intouch：wonderware的intouch软件是最早进入我国的组态软件。在80年代末、90年代初，基于windows3.1的intouch软件曾让我们耳目一新，并且intouch提供了丰富的图库。但是，早期的intouch软件采用方式与驱动程序通信，性
8、能较差，最新的intouch7.0版已经完全基于32位的windows平台，并且提供了opc支持。组态王：组态王是国内第一家较有影响的组态软件开发公司（更早的品牌多数已经湮灭）。组态王提供了资源管理器式的操作主界面，并且提供了以汉字作为关键字的脚本语言支持。组态王也提供多种硬件驱动程序。PLC And Software ConfigurationControlling System Based on PLCProgrammable Logic Controllers (PLC), a computing device invented by Richard E. Morley in 1968,
9、 have been widely used in industry including manufacturing systems, transportation systems, chemical process facilities, and many others. At that time, the PLC replaced the hardwired logic with soft-wired logic or so-called relay ladder logic (RLL), a programming language visually resembling the har
10、dwired logic, and reduced thereby the configuration time from 6 months down to 6 days Moody and Morley, 1999. Although PC based control has started to come into place, PLC based control will remain the technique to which the majority of industrial applications will adhere due to its higher performan
11、ce, lower price, and superior reliability in harsh environments. Moreover, according to a study on the PLC market of Frost and Sullivan 1995, an increase of the annual sales volume to 15 million PLCs per year with the hardware value of more than 8 billion US dollars has been predicted, though the pr
12、ices of computing hardware is steadily dropping. The inventor of the PLC, Richard E Morley, fairly considers the PLC market as a 5-billion industry at the present time. With microelectronics and computer technology is developing rapidly, PLC (controller can be programmed) in the field of industrial
13、control within very broad application. PLC is a digital computer-based technology, specifically for the industrial application environment designed electronic control device It uses programmable memory, and to control all types of mechanical and electrical equipment and integrated production process
14、With enterprises of high flexibility, high efficiency requirements, people in the face of larger and more complex production labor, not only wasting time and effort, more than it gains. Therefore, the automatic prototyping system and the emergence of widely used as a historical necessity. Molding eq
15、uipment and computer technology and intelligence technology combining intelligent material molding equipment is the future development direction of the mainPLC automatic control prototyping system to replace the manual workshop. serves industrial control systems for the open and fast requirements, I
16、t can also satisfy users stability and reliability requirements. The use of automated prototyping technology to be effective for customers to lower production costs, improve production efficiency and achieve revenue growththe background of Software ConfigurationConfiguration with the concept of a di
17、stributed control systems distributed control ystem listed dcs) began to emerge before the vast majority of the production process automation technology officer known. In the industrial control and technological development and application process, pc (IPC) compared to the previous system pc exclusi
18、ve technology to maintain a relatively fast pace of development, a variety of related technical maturing; Construction pc from the industrial control system pc software and hardware resources-rich, software interoperability between the strong; pc-based control system pc technology to industrial cont
19、rol the infiltration. Configuration Software occupy a very special and important place.Configuration Software refers to data acquisition and process control of the specialized software, They are in hmi Control System (man-machine interface software. human machine interface) concept. Configuration so
20、ftware is a user can quickly establish their own hmi software tools, or development environment. In the configuration software, industrial users through the manual or authorized third parties to prepare hmi application Development of long hours, low efficiency, low reliability; or purchase a dedicat
21、ed system scada industrial, communications and networking, open data interface equipment for i/o the broad support it has become the main content, as technology develops, SCADA will continue to be given new content. Usually closed system, the choice for a small, are often unable to meet the demand,
22、it is difficult to external data interface, upgrades and new features have been severely curtailed. The emergence of configuration software, users from the plight of these people to extricate themselves, and to use the configuration software functions, Construction of a most suitable for their appli
23、cation. With its rapid development, real-time database, real-time control, a control layer software platform and development environment use flexible configuration, to provide users with rapid construction of industrial control system monitoring functions. General levels of software tools.Configurat
24、ion software should be able to support all kinds of industrial equipment and common communication protocol, normally should provide distributed data management and network functionality.Corresponding to the original and easy to learn and use, can easily get technical support.With the relatively low
25、cost of ownership; The advantages become more and more obvious. Configuration Software Development in China and overseas, mainly ProductsConfiguration software products in the early 1980s, and in the late 1980s entered China. But in the mid-1990s and before, configurable software application in Chin
26、a is not universal. First, there are roughly the following : domestic users still lack the understanding of the configuration software, the project configuration software is not the budget, or prefer to become part of the human and material resources for specific projects so long cycle of the PC cum
27、bersome programming, instead configuration software; a very long time, the domestic software user awareness is not yet strong, Faced with the imports are expensive software (early multi-configuration software development for foreign manufacturers), Few users are willing to buy genuine. time domestic
28、 industrial automation and information.With industrial control systems mis (Management Information management information system) and cims (computer integrated computer manufa cturing system) the large-scale application, which requires industrialized site for the production, operation, decision to p
29、rovide more detailed and in-depth data, in order to optimize the production and operation of all aspects. Therefore, in 1995, the configuration software applications in China are gradually being universal. Now, several of the configuration software were introduced. Integrated manufacturing systems,
30、and applications in depth, in the face of larger, more complex control of the control system, People come to realize that the original PC program development mode. The project is time-consuming effort, it stopped, and the technology level is not high, Configuration software for large-scale applicati
31、ons, a large number of data acquisition, control, can be processed and the results required for the management of the generated data, these requirements have not fully formed. intouch : wonderware intouch software is the first to enter Chinas configuration software. In the late 1980s and early 1990s
32、 windows3.1 intouch based on the software we love fresh intouch and provide rich library. However, the early intouch software used recherche way communication with the driver, poor performance, intouch7.0 the latest version is completely based on the Windows 32 platform. Oligomeric Proanthocyanidin
33、s and provide support. Kingview : Kingview is the first of more to the configuration software development company (earlier had destroyed most brands).Configuration management provides resources for the operation-the main interface, as well as a Chinese character as a keyword scripting language support.Kingview also provide a wide range of hardware drivers.
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